本文選題：歐盟　切入點(diǎn)：共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的不斷深入,尤其是全球多邊貿(mào)易體制的發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)問題已經(jīng)越來越引起人們的關(guān)注。20世紀(jì)50年代以來,歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化逐漸成熟,從起初的煤鋼共同體,經(jīng)歷了關(guān)稅同盟、共同市場和歐洲共同體,發(fā)展成為了今天的歐洲聯(lián)盟。它是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后世界上出現(xiàn)的最重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象之一。在過去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間里,其實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)令人矚目,在未來的一段時(shí)間里,其可預(yù)見的發(fā)展前途不容忽視。在歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的歷程中,共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策是歐盟內(nèi)部實(shí)施的第一項(xiàng)共同政策,始終占有非常重要和特殊的地位。歐盟的共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策(英文簡稱CAP),是歐盟對(duì)自身農(nóng)業(yè)在市場和生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)上實(shí)行的統(tǒng)一行為準(zhǔn)則,是以政策法規(guī)在其內(nèi)部各國實(shí)行的多國聯(lián)合政府的干預(yù)。實(shí)施40年,共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策對(duì)歐盟農(nóng)業(yè)保護(hù)和發(fā)展起到了巨大作用。共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策的核心是價(jià)格支持政策。在CAP實(shí)施的前10年里,價(jià)格支持政策的確起到了提高農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、增加農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給、穩(wěn)定市場和價(jià)格的效果。但是,隨著歐盟從農(nóng)產(chǎn)品凈進(jìn)口國向主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國的轉(zhuǎn)變,CAP對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格支持導(dǎo)致大量農(nóng)產(chǎn)品過剩,使CAP代價(jià)高昂。CAP的開支占?xì)W盟總支出的比例曾高達(dá)73%,至今仍占?xì)W盟預(yù)算支出的45%,歐盟的財(cái)政不堪重負(fù)。此外,由于歐盟使用巨額的出口補(bǔ)貼,加劇了歐盟與貿(mào)易伙伴國的貿(mào)易摩擦和沖突,CAP在國際上也倍受指責(zé)。為了減輕財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)、減少農(nóng)產(chǎn)品過剩、增強(qiáng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力和適應(yīng)WTO規(guī)則,歐盟自20世紀(jì)60年代末開始對(duì)CAP進(jìn)行了一系列的調(diào)整和改革。20世紀(jì)90年代,歐盟對(duì)CAP進(jìn)行了兩次基礎(chǔ)性的改革:1992年改革和2000年議程,主要措施是將價(jià)格支持轉(zhuǎn)為直接收入支持。2003年6月歐盟又通過最新方案,被稱為2003年改革,主要措施是將掛勾的直接補(bǔ)貼改為不掛勾的直接補(bǔ)貼。本文旨在研究2003年歐盟共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策改革的內(nèi)在機(jī)制,包括改革發(fā)生的原因,改革的內(nèi)容和本次改革的影響和不足之處等。本文分為四個(gè)部分:第一章對(duì)歐盟共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策的改革的背景進(jìn)行了概述,包括歐盟共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策的總體概述,并且大致介紹了1992年和1999年兩次共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策改革。第二章介紹了本次改革的內(nèi)容,主要包括脫勾支付、強(qiáng)制動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整機(jī)制、具體部門性措施和環(huán)境保護(hù)措施四個(gè)方面。第三章闡述了2003年歐盟共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策改革的特點(diǎn)。第四章從外部及內(nèi)部兩個(gè)方面分析了2003年歐盟共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策改革的動(dòng)因。第五章分析了改革前歐盟各方對(duì)于本次改革的態(tài)度。第六章闡述了本次改革的積極影響,從宏觀的歷史意義和微觀的具體影響兩個(gè)方面分析。第七章論述了本次改革的不足。第八章粗略介紹了近幾年共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策改革的大概情況并對(duì)歐盟共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策在未來的發(fā)展做了展望。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of economic globalization, especially the development of the global multilateral trading system, agricultural problems have attracted more and more attention. Since the 1950s, European economic integration has gradually matured, from the beginning of the coal and steel community, Through the customs union, the common market and the European Community, it has evolved into today's European Union. It has been one of the most important economic phenomena in the world since the second World War. In the course of European economic integration, the common agricultural policy is the first common policy implemented within the European Union. The common agricultural policy of the European Union (known as CAPU) is the EU's unified code of conduct on its own agriculture in the market and production economy. It is the intervention of the multinational coalition government in its internal countries by means of policies and regulations. It has been in effect for 40 years. The common agricultural policy has played a significant role in the protection and development of agriculture in the EU. The core of the common agricultural policy is the price support policy. In the first 10 years of CAP implementation, the price support policy did improve agricultural labor productivity. Increasing the supply of agricultural products, stabilizing markets and prices. However, as the European Union shifts from a net importer of agricultural products to a major exporter of agricultural products, CAP's price support for agricultural products has led to a large surplus of agricultural products. The cost of CAP was as high as 73 percent of the EU's total expenditure. It still accounts for 45 percent of the EU's budget expenditure, and the EU's finances are overburdened. In addition, because the EU uses huge export subsidies, Trade frictions and conflicts between the European Union and its trading partners have also been criticized internationally. In order to reduce the financial burden, reduce the surplus of agricultural products, enhance the international competitiveness of agricultural products and adapt to WTO rules, Since the end of the 1960s, the European Union has carried out a series of adjustments and reforms to the CAP. In the 1990s, the European Union has carried out two fundamental reforms to the CAP: the 1992 reform and the 2000 agenda. The main measure is to shift price support to direct income support. In June 2003, the European Union adopted the latest package, known as the 2003 reform. The main measure is to replace the linked direct subsidy with the unlinked direct subsidy. This paper aims to study the internal mechanism of the EU Common Agricultural Policy Reform in 2003, including the reasons for the reform. This paper is divided into four parts: the first chapter summarizes the background of the EU Common Agricultural Policy reform, including the general overview of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The second chapter introduces the content of this reform, mainly including detick payment, forced dynamic adjustment mechanism. Chapter three describes the characteristics of EU Common Agricultural Policy Reform in 2003. Chapter 4 analyzes the EU Common Agricultural Policy Reform in 2003 from both external and internal aspects. The fifth chapter analyzes the attitudes of the EU parties to the reform before the reform, and the sixth chapter describes the positive impact of the reform. Chapter 7 discusses the deficiency of this reform. Chapter 8 introduces the general situation of the common agricultural policy reform in recent years and gives a brief introduction to the common agricultural policy of the European Union. The development of the strategy in the future is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F310

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