本文選題：農村貧困　切入點：農村貧困治理　出處：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：長久以來,農村貧困問題都是縈繞在黨和人民心中的頭號大事。從1949年新中國成立開始到跨入二十一世紀,我們一直在不遺余力的進行農村貧困可持續(xù)性脫貧工作,通過幾個階段的治理,我國農村貧困問題得到了明顯的緩解,全國農村貧困人口大幅度減少。從此我國農村脫貧問題進入了攻堅期。這一時期的農村貧困問題的特點是:農村貧困人口的貧困程度深,集中成片分布在生態(tài)環(huán)境惡劣地區(qū)、貧困問題成因復雜多樣化。改革開放三十年間,吉林省農村貧困人口在總量上有所下降,生產生活水平均有了穩(wěn)步的提高,但是新的問題也不斷暴露出來。習近平總書記提出的讓貧困人口實現(xiàn)小康的目標為吉林省農村可持續(xù)性脫貧工程帶來了新的挑戰(zhàn)。2011年以來,吉林省的農村貧困治理工作進入攻堅期。新階段吉林省農村貧困問題主要表現(xiàn)出因病致貧、邊境村貧困、生產條件差致貧等特點。引起這些問題的原因主要包括:一是農村貧困地區(qū)自然條件差,災害頻發(fā);二是,農村貧困地區(qū)人口素質低;三是,貧困地區(qū)經濟結構單一,農業(yè)經濟增長緩慢;四是,對于扶貧政策實施監(jiān)督管理不到位,政策施行低效率。這些都制約著吉林省農村貧困地區(qū)的發(fā)展。本文首先梳理了國內外關于貧困問題研究的現(xiàn)狀,闡釋貧困的相關概念和主流學派的脫貧理論。運用橫向、縱向比較的分析方法,對吉林省近年來農村經濟社會水平與全國的平均發(fā)展水平進行比較描述,從農業(yè)發(fā)展、社會民生等角度對吉林省農村貧困問題的現(xiàn)狀進行對比性描述,并指出吉林省農村貧困的新問題,對吉林省農村的主要致貧因素進行了分析,找出結癥所在。然后,從宏觀角度梳理了吉林省的農村扶貧開發(fā)進程,再從微觀層面即專項扶貧和產業(yè)扶貧角度對吉林省現(xiàn)階段的農村可持續(xù)性脫貧成果進行總結,對鎮(zhèn)賚縣可持續(xù)性脫貧案例進行分析。最后,通過總結了國內外主要地區(qū)貧困治理經驗,結合吉林省可持續(xù)性脫貧工作實際,針對吉林省農村可持續(xù)性脫貧工作的不足之處提出政策建議。本文的主要創(chuàng)新點體現(xiàn)在將中國特色減貧理論與西方減貧理論相結合,更加注重微觀部分的調節(jié)作用,指出擺脫貧困不能僅靠政府和社會各方的扶持,脫貧致富更是貧困人口自己的事。強調從農村貧困人口自身出發(fā),借助國家政策,實現(xiàn)一種自循環(huán)式可持續(xù)發(fā)展。既要注重貧困人口脫貧的短期效果,又要注重貧困人口脫貧的長期回報率,培養(yǎng)農村貧困人口自身的脫貧致富能力,在未來即使沒有政策支持,這個群體也能一直走在脫貧致富的大路上。總之,關注農村貧困問題,解決農村貧困問題,是使農村貧困人口擺脫貧困問題的必然選擇,是建設社會主義和諧社會,實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興的中國夢的重要舉措。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the issue of rural poverty has been a top priority in the minds of the Party and the people. From the beginning of the founding of New China in 1949 to 21th century, we have been sparing no effort in the sustainable eradication of poverty in rural areas. Through several stages of governance, the problem of rural poverty in China has been significantly alleviated. Since then, the problem of rural poverty relief in China has entered a critical period. The characteristics of the rural poverty problem in this period are: the poverty level of the rural poor population is deep, and they are concentrated in areas with poor ecological conditions. The causes of poverty are complex and diversified. During the period of reform and opening up to the outside world, the total number of rural poor in Jilin Province has declined, and the standard of living and production has steadily improved. However, new problems have also been exposed. General Secretary Xi Jinping's goal of making the poor people well-off has brought new challenges to the project of sustainable rural poverty eradication in Jilin Province. Since 2011, The rural poverty control work in Jilin Province has entered a critical stage. In the new stage, the rural poverty problem in Jilin Province mainly shows poverty caused by illness and poverty in border villages. The main causes of these problems include: first, poor natural conditions and frequent disasters in poor rural areas; second, low quality of the population in poor rural areas; and third, a single economic structure in poor rural areas. The agricultural economy is growing slowly; fourth, the poor supervision and management of poverty alleviation policies and the inefficient implementation of policies restrict the development of poor rural areas in Jilin Province. Firstly, this paper reviews the current situation of poverty research at home and abroad. This paper explains the related concepts of poverty and the theory of poverty eradication of mainstream schools. By using horizontal and vertical comparative analysis methods, this paper compares the rural economic and social level of Jilin Province with the national average level of development in recent years, and from the perspective of agricultural development, This paper makes a comparative description of the present situation of rural poverty in Jilin Province from the perspectives of social and livelihood, and points out the new problems of rural poverty in Jilin Province, analyzes the main factors leading to poverty in rural areas of Jilin Province, and finds out where the problem lies. This paper combs the process of rural poverty alleviation and development in Jilin Province from a macro perspective, and then summarizes the achievements of rural sustainable poverty alleviation in Jilin Province at the present stage from the micro level, that is, special poverty alleviation and industrial poverty alleviation. Finally, through summing up the experience of poverty management in the main areas at home and abroad, combining with the practice of sustainable poverty alleviation in Jilin Province, the paper analyzes the case of sustainable poverty eradication in Zhenlai County. The main innovation of this paper is to combine the theory of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics and western theories of poverty reduction, and pay more attention to the adjusting function of micro part. It is pointed out that getting rid of poverty cannot only depend on the support of the government and all parties in the society, and that getting rid of poverty is even more a matter for the poor people themselves. It is emphasized that starting from the rural poor and relying on national policies, Realize a kind of self-circulation sustainable development. We should not only pay attention to the short-term effect of poverty eradication of poor people, but also pay attention to the long-term rate of return of poverty alleviation among poor people, and cultivate the ability of rural poor people to extricate themselves from poverty and become rich, even if there is no policy support in the future. In short, paying attention to the problem of rural poverty and solving the problem of rural poverty is an inevitable choice for the rural poor to extricate themselves from poverty and to build a harmonious socialist society. Chinese Dream's important move to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.8

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本文編號：1639603