本文選題：貧困　切入點：社會資本　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,社會資本在貧困地區(qū)家庭增收和抵御風(fēng)險中的重要性逐步被重視。對于人力資本和物力資本均相對匱乏的貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)戶而言,減少貧困和應(yīng)對風(fēng)險在很大程度上需要民間非正式的的互幫互助。大量研究表明,社會資本在減少貧困、提高就業(yè)機(jī)會、增加貧困群體收入、改善收入分布、縮小收入差距、抵御沖擊、平滑消費等方面均有重要作用,由此被稱為“窮人的資本”。但是,另一些研究結(jié)論對社會資本是“窮人的資本”這一觀點的正確性提出了質(zhì)疑,指出社會資本在減貧中發(fā)揮作用,需要人力資本等要素的配合。本文的研究主題是社會資本的反貧困效應(yīng),通過對社會資本和(反)貧困相關(guān)理論的梳理和剖析,從農(nóng)戶收入獲取能力和風(fēng)險應(yīng)對能力兩方面出發(fā),探討社會資本在反貧困中的作用,最終,為西海固貧困地區(qū)反貧困提出合理的建議。研究主要從以下四個方面展開:一、闡釋并界定(反)貧困的內(nèi)涵。從自然環(huán)境惡劣、宗教影響濃厚、經(jīng)濟(jì)的貧困性、資源的稀缺性、政策局限性等方面對西海固農(nóng)村地區(qū)貧困現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行描述,并分析西海固貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)戶的收入特征、風(fēng)險識別和風(fēng)險應(yīng)對特征;二、從社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)、社會信任、社會參與、社會聲望這四個維度,構(gòu)建表征農(nóng)戶社會資本的指標(biāo)體系,并以西海固農(nóng)戶調(diào)查資料為依據(jù),使用因子分析法得出該地區(qū)不同農(nóng)戶的社會資本指數(shù);三、采用門檻自回歸模型檢驗西海固貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)戶社會資本與收入獲取能力的關(guān)系,驗證社會資本是“窮人的資本”這一備受爭議的話題在寧夏西海固地區(qū)的適用性,并進(jìn)一步探討社會資本對不同群體收入獲取的影響效應(yīng);四、利用二元Logit模型考察社會資本等因素對農(nóng)戶不同風(fēng)險應(yīng)對策略的影響,進(jìn)一步采用Tobit模型,探討社會資本等其他因素在貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)戶風(fēng)險應(yīng)對能力中的作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):社會資本在影響農(nóng)戶收入時,存在明顯的門檻特征,即當(dāng)社會資本低于門檻值時,社會資本對低收入群體的增收起不到積極作用;當(dāng)社會資本高于門檻值時,社會資本對提高農(nóng)戶收入有顯著作用。所以,社會資本更有可能是富人的資本。此外,社會資本能否發(fā)揮作用還需要人力資本等要素的配合。農(nóng)戶在應(yīng)對風(fēng)險時,最主要選擇“向外界借債”策略來抵御風(fēng)險,并且根據(jù)分析得出對于不同風(fēng)險應(yīng)對策略,社會資本等不同因素的作用效果明顯不同。農(nóng)戶風(fēng)險應(yīng)對能力主要受家庭務(wù)工人數(shù)比例、人力資本、物資資本和社會資本等因素的影響,其中社會資本對風(fēng)險應(yīng)對能力的影響大于社會資本和人力資本。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the importance of social capital in increasing household income and resisting risks in poor areas has been gradually emphasized. To a large extent, poverty reduction and risk response require informal mutual assistance from civil society. A large number of studies have shown that social capital can reduce poverty, increase employment opportunities, increase incomes of poor groups, improve income distribution and narrow the income gap. They play an important role in resisting shocks and smoothing consumption, and are thus called "capital of the poor". However, other findings question the validity of the view that social capital is the capital of the poor. It is pointed out that social capital plays a role in poverty reduction and needs the cooperation of human capital and other elements. The research theme of this paper is the anti-poverty effect of social capital, through combing and analyzing the relevant theories of social capital and (anti-poverty). This paper discusses the role of social capital in anti-poverty from two aspects of farmers' income acquisition ability and risk coping ability. Finally, it puts forward reasonable suggestions for anti-poverty in Xihai poverty-stricken area. The research is mainly carried out from the following four aspects: first, Explain and define the connotation of poverty. Describe the poverty situation in Xihaigu rural area from the aspects of bad natural environment, strong influence of religion, poverty of economy, scarcity of resources, policy limitation, etc. It also analyzes the income characteristics, risk identification and risk coping characteristics of farmers in Xihaigu poverty area. Secondly, from the four dimensions of social network, social trust, social participation and social prestige, the paper constructs an index system to represent peasant households' social capital. Based on the survey data of Xihaigu farmers, the social capital index of different farmers in this area is obtained by factor analysis. Thirdly, the relationship between the social capital and income acquisition capacity of farmers in Xihaigu poverty area is tested by using threshold autoregressive model. To verify the applicability of the controversial topic of social capital as "capital of the poor" in Xihaigu region of Ningxia, and to further explore the effect of social capital on income acquisition of different groups; fourth, Using the dual Logit model to investigate the influence of social capital and other factors on farmers' different risk coping strategies, further using the Tobit model. This paper discusses the role of other factors such as social capital in the risk coping ability of farmers in poor areas. It is found that when social capital affects farmers' income, there are obvious threshold characteristics, that is, when social capital is below the threshold, Social capital does not play a positive role in increasing the income of low-income groups; when social capital is above the threshold, it plays a significant role in raising the income of farmers. Therefore, social capital is more likely to be the capital of the rich. Whether social capital can play a role also needs the cooperation of human capital and other factors. When farmers deal with risks, they mainly choose the strategy of "borrowing from the outside" to resist the risks, and according to the analysis of different risk coping strategies, The effects of different factors such as social capital are obviously different. Farmers' risk coping ability is mainly affected by the proportion of family workers, human capital, material capital and social capital, etc. The impact of social capital on risk coping ability is greater than social capital and human capital.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.8

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本文編號：1617528