發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-08 22:30

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于農(nóng)戶生計(jì)成本的農(nóng)民土地流轉(zhuǎn)價(jià)格體系研究　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 生計(jì)成本 土地流轉(zhuǎn)價(jià)格 農(nóng)戶

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化以及國(guó)家政策的調(diào)整,自上世紀(jì)70年代末以來實(shí)行的以家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制為基礎(chǔ)的土地制度越來越難以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)�；�、市場(chǎng)化的要求。家庭承包制所帶來的土地分散化、小規(guī)模的問題嚴(yán)重的阻礙了新時(shí)代農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新。在這種情況下,土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)就成了彌補(bǔ)原有的土地制度缺陷,滿足現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)要求的一個(gè)必然選擇,也是我國(guó)發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的必經(jīng)階段,是推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。隨著最近幾年,國(guó)家持續(xù)在一號(hào)文件中關(guān)注土地流轉(zhuǎn)問題,并在政策層面上不斷地積極推動(dòng)和鼓勵(lì),土地流轉(zhuǎn)在我國(guó)許多地方開始流行起來。同時(shí)一些實(shí)際例子也表明通過土地流轉(zhuǎn),的確可以提高土地的資源利用率,更好的發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè),促進(jìn)了我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,為我國(guó)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)做貢獻(xiàn)。但是土地問題沒有小問題。長(zhǎng)久以來,土地資源一直都是農(nóng)民賴以生存的最原始也是最基本的生產(chǎn)資料,是農(nóng)民生老病死的最終保障。土地對(duì)于我國(guó)農(nóng)戶而言往往意味著不僅是一種生產(chǎn)資料,還起到了包括就業(yè),養(yǎng)老,繼承等多個(gè)功能。所以也就有了所謂的“民以食為天,食以地為先”的說法。對(duì)于廣大農(nóng)戶而言土地的重要性不言而喻。然而在當(dāng)前土地流轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢(shì)下,勢(shì)必有很大一部分農(nóng)戶失去其賴以謀生的土地,在這種情況下,這些失地農(nóng)戶如何維持其生計(jì)就是土地流轉(zhuǎn)過程中一個(gè)必須得到重視的問題。雖然國(guó)家大力推動(dòng)土地流轉(zhuǎn)的進(jìn)行,并不斷在政策上對(duì)土地流轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)行完善,但是土地流轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)于我國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)而言依然可以稱為一個(gè)新鮮事物,也依然存在著許多不成熟的地方。很多地方的土地流轉(zhuǎn)要么處于一種自發(fā)的、小規(guī)模的、分散的、無序的狀態(tài),要么就是地方政府行政干預(yù)過多,農(nóng)戶失去其土地流轉(zhuǎn)的自由性。而且現(xiàn)如今我國(guó)土地流轉(zhuǎn)的一個(gè)顯著問題就是土地流轉(zhuǎn)的價(jià)格不合理,很多地方土地流轉(zhuǎn)的租金過低。因此有許多農(nóng)戶擔(dān)心土地流轉(zhuǎn)后的收入無法滿足自身的生計(jì)需要,所以不愿意進(jìn)行土地流轉(zhuǎn)。究其原因在于我國(guó)現(xiàn)在的土地流轉(zhuǎn)的定價(jià)制度忽略了保護(hù)失地農(nóng)戶生計(jì)成本的重要性。本文的研究目標(biāo)是以農(nóng)戶生計(jì)成本為基礎(chǔ)來制定具體土地流轉(zhuǎn)的價(jià)格。農(nóng)戶的生計(jì)成本代表著農(nóng)戶維持自身生計(jì)所需要的基本需求,為方便起見,在本文中我們以農(nóng)戶在生計(jì)各個(gè)方面,包括食品、居住、衣著、交通、醫(yī)療等方面的消費(fèi)需要來界定農(nóng)戶的生計(jì)成本。本文中我們注意到由于我國(guó)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡,我國(guó)不同地區(qū)的農(nóng)戶生計(jì)成本有很大的區(qū)別,正是因?yàn)檫@種差別性,使得在土地流轉(zhuǎn)后農(nóng)戶很有可能無法保證正常生計(jì)水平。為了研究這種區(qū)別,本文采用因子分析法分析我國(guó)不同地區(qū)的農(nóng)戶生計(jì)成本的特點(diǎn)。而另一方面,本文不僅考慮農(nóng)戶現(xiàn)在生活所需的生計(jì)成本,也考慮到農(nóng)戶失去土地后,有很大一部分農(nóng)戶會(huì)選擇轉(zhuǎn)移到城鎮(zhèn)生活,那么由于我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的不平衡,這些農(nóng)戶在轉(zhuǎn)移向城鎮(zhèn)后生計(jì)成本要遠(yuǎn)高于其生活在農(nóng)村時(shí)的生計(jì)成本。在本文中,同樣研究了不同地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)居民與農(nóng)村居民之間生計(jì)成本的不同,使用K均值聚類算法進(jìn)行了研究。最后本文以收益還原法為基礎(chǔ),考慮土地本身的自然價(jià)值,社會(huì)價(jià)值以及土地流轉(zhuǎn)中供求關(guān)系和物價(jià)波動(dòng)的影響,再加上對(duì)于農(nóng)戶生計(jì)成本的考量,創(chuàng)新性的提出了基于生計(jì)成本的我國(guó)土地流轉(zhuǎn)的價(jià)格體系。最后為了更好促進(jìn)土地流轉(zhuǎn)的進(jìn)行,結(jié)合我國(guó)土地流轉(zhuǎn)所存在的問題。本文給出了幾點(diǎn)政策性建議。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's economy, the change of rural economy structure and the adjustment of national policy and land system since the last century since the end of the 70s implementation of the family contract responsibility system as the foundation of the more difficult to adapt to the modern agriculture scale, market demand. The household contract system caused by land decentralization, small scale problems a serious impediment to the development and innovation in the new era of rural economy. In this case, the contracted land circulation to make up the defects of the original land system, an inevitable choice for modern agriculture to meet the requirements, and a necessary stage in China the development of modern agriculture, the key point is to promote the construction of new socialist countryside with. In recent years, the country continued attention to land transfer issues in one file, and at the policy level to actively promote and encourage the transfer of land in many places of our country Began to pop up. At the same time some practical examples also show that the transfer of land, can improve the utilization of land resources, the development of modern agriculture better, promote the development of China's agricultural economy, and contribute to the construction of new countryside in China. But the land problem is not small problems. For a long time, land resources have been farmers the survival of the most primitive and the most basic means of production, is the ultimate guarantee of peasant land. For Chinese farmers often means that not only is a kind of means of production, but also played a pension, including employment, inheritance and other functions. So it has been called the "hunger breeds discontentment, food for the first argument. For the majority of farmers in the land of the importance of self-evident. However, in the current land transfer trend, is bound to have a large part of the farmers lose their land to make a living in this. Case, pay attention to the problem how to get a must these landless farmers maintain their livelihood is in the process of land circulation. Although the country to vigorously promote land circulation, and constantly in the policy of land circulation to improve, but the transfer of land for our country's rural economy still can be called a new thing, too there are still many immature place. In many places the land circulation or in a spontaneous, decentralized, small scale, disordered state, or local government excessive administrative intervention, the freedom of the farmers lost their land. But also a significant problem now is the land of land circulation in China the transfer price is not reasonable, many local land rent is too low. So there are many farmers worried that after the land transfer income can not meet their needs of livelihood, so do not want to go For the land transfer. The reason is that China is now the land transfer pricing system ignores the importance of the protection of landless farmers' livelihood costs. The goal of this paper is to farmers' livelihood cost basis to develop a specific land price. The basic needs of the farmers living costs represent farmers needed to maintain their livelihood, for the convenience of be in our household living in various aspects, including food, clothing, housing, transportation, medical and other aspects of the consumer need to define the farmer's livelihood cost. In this paper we noticed due to the imbalance of China's regional economic development in different regions of China, farmers' livelihood costs are very different, it is because of this difference, so that after the land transfer farmers are likely to ensure normal living level. In order to study the difference, this paper uses factor analysis method to analysis in China The characteristics of the same area cost of farmers' livelihood. On the other hand, this paper not only farmers now live in livelihood cost consideration, also taking into account the farmers lost their land, a large part of farmers will choose to transfer to the urban life, so due to the imbalance in China's urban and rural development, these farmers to transfer in the town after the cost is much higher than the life in the countryside living cost. In this paper, the same between urban residents and rural residents living in different regions of the different cost, were studied using K clustering algorithm. Finally the income reduction method, considering the natural value of the land itself, and the influence of social value of land in the circulation of supply and demand and price fluctuations, coupled with the farmers' livelihood cost consideration, puts forward the innovation of China's land price system based on the cost of living for the last. In this paper, some policy suggestions are given in this paper to improve the land circulation and to combine the problems of the land circulation in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F321.1

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