本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)效率與技術(shù)差距的時(shí)空演變及其影響因素研究　出處：《浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 技術(shù)效率 技術(shù)差距 隨機(jī)前沿法 共同前沿法 Tobit模型

【摘要】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的自然資源與環(huán)境約束條件日益嚴(yán)峻。一是耕地面積持續(xù)減少,二是淡水資源短缺,三是農(nóng)田水利設(shè)施老化失修嚴(yán)重,四是大量使用化肥、農(nóng)藥、農(nóng)膜等投入品,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)污染日益嚴(yán)重。從理論上說,農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)源泉來源于兩個(gè)方面:一是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素特別是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)用工業(yè)品使用數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng),二是農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步、專業(yè)化分工和效率增進(jìn)等。隨著中國工業(yè)化、城市化進(jìn)程加快,農(nóng)業(yè)受到的自然資源與環(huán)境制約日益突顯,同時(shí)物質(zhì)資本繼續(xù)投入也將受到要素報(bào)酬遞減的制約,繼續(xù)靠增加自然資源和農(nóng)用工業(yè)品投入來增加農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)出的余地已越來越小。國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)也表明單純依靠要素投入增長(zhǎng)所獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不具備可持續(xù)性,因此,研究農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步與效率對(duì)于中國農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。有鑒于此,本文利用中國28省1984-2014年農(nóng)業(yè)投入產(chǎn)出的面板數(shù)據(jù),分別采用隨機(jī)前沿生產(chǎn)函數(shù)模型與共同前沿生產(chǎn)函數(shù)模型,測(cè)度了地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)效率與技術(shù)差距,在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用Tobit模型探究了地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)效率與技術(shù)差距的影響因素,最后得出提高地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)效率,縮小地區(qū)差距的路徑選擇。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)隨機(jī)前沿生產(chǎn)函數(shù)模型下,中部地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)效率最高,東部地區(qū)次之,西部地區(qū)最低。共同前沿生產(chǎn)函數(shù)模型下,將共同前沿技術(shù)效率分解為技術(shù)差距與地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)效率,東部地區(qū)的共同前沿技術(shù)效率高于中部地區(qū),最低為西部地區(qū);東部地區(qū)技術(shù)差距最高,西部地區(qū)技術(shù)差距最低,說明東部地區(qū)的技術(shù)效率水平最接近全國范圍內(nèi)的技術(shù)效率水平,西部地區(qū)的技術(shù)效率水平與全國范圍內(nèi)的技術(shù)效率水平相差最大。(2)對(duì)于不同的地區(qū),由于自然地理環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文環(huán)境的不同,農(nóng)業(yè)人力資本、農(nóng)業(yè)科研投入和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的適度提高對(duì)不同地區(qū)將產(chǎn)生不同的影響;財(cái)政支農(nóng)力度和農(nóng)業(yè)中間投入尤其是物質(zhì)資料投入的增加將對(duì)三大區(qū)域的地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)效率的提高產(chǎn)生顯著的正向作用,農(nóng)業(yè)中間投入仍然是農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)效率提高的重要來源;農(nóng)業(yè)受災(zāi)率對(duì)地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)效率有抑制作用,政府應(yīng)當(dāng)加大在防災(zāi)抗災(zāi)方面的投入。
[Abstract]:The constraints of natural resources and environment in agricultural development in China are becoming more and more severe. One is the area of arable land continued to decline, the two is the shortage of fresh water resources, irrigation and water conservancy facilities is three ageing disrepair serious, four is the extensive use of fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural inputs, resulting in serious pollution. Theoretically, the contribution sources of agricultural economic growth come from two aspects: one is the growth of agricultural production factors, especially the modern agricultural industrial products, the two is agricultural technology progress, specialization division and efficiency enhancement. With the China city industrialization, urbanization, agricultural natural resources and environmental constraints increasingly, at the same time, material capital investment will also continue to restrict factors of diminishing returns, continuing to increase natural resources and agricultural industrial investment to increase agricultural output has been more and more small room. International experience also shows that the growth of economic growth alone is not sustainable. Therefore, the study of agricultural technology progress and efficiency is of great practical significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in China. In view of this, this paper Chinese 28 1984-2014 agricultural input-output panel data, respectively, using stochastic frontier production function model and frontier production function model and measure the area efficiency of the technology gap and technology of agricultural production, on the basis of this, the study of influencing factors of regional agricultural production technology efficiency and technology gap by Tobit model, finally it improve the efficiency of agricultural technology, path choice to narrow the gap between regions. The results show that: (1) under the stochastic frontier production function model, the agricultural production efficiency of the central region is the highest, the eastern region is the second, and the western region is the lowest. The common frontier production function model, the common frontier technical efficiency is decomposed into technical efficiency of agricultural production and technology gap area, the efficiency of common frontier technology of eastern region was higher than the central region, the lowest for the western region; the technology gap between the eastern region is the highest, the technology gap between the western region is the lowest, indicating the technical efficiency level of the eastern region is the most close to the level of technical efficiency within the scope of the technical efficiency level of technical efficiency level of the western region and the country within the scope of the biggest difference. (2) for different regions, because of the natural geographical environment and economic and cultural environment, agricultural human capital, agricultural research investment and agricultural production scale increase will have different effects on different regions; financial support for agriculture and agriculture intermediate inputs especially the increase of material inputs will have a significant positive effect on the three regional areas of agricultural production technology to improve the efficiency of agriculture intermediate inputs is still an important source to improve the efficiency of agricultural technology; agricultural disaster rate has inhibitory effect on the technical efficiency of agricultural production areas, the government should increase the investment in disaster prevention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F323.3

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本文編號(hào)：1344549