【摘要】：本文歸納并分析了我國損害風(fēng)景公共利益的典型現(xiàn)象及相關(guān)法制、資源戰(zhàn)略存在的缺陷，認(rèn)為公共利益侵害現(xiàn)象的多樣性、嚴(yán)重性、普遍性及法律保護(hù)的乏力使本研究具有重要意義。損害風(fēng)景公共利益現(xiàn)象與問題的根源在于我國缺乏以公共利益為本位的風(fēng)景價(jià)值認(rèn)知、風(fēng)景資源國家戰(zhàn)略與全方位的法律保護(hù)，所以對(duì)風(fēng)景公共利益及保護(hù)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化、框架性的理論研究是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 本文綜合運(yùn)動(dòng)價(jià)值分析、公共利益理論與歷史方法，論證風(fēng)景價(jià)值的正當(dāng)性及價(jià)值觀念的社會(huì)化使風(fēng)景具有公共利益屬性。在風(fēng)景公共利益內(nèi)容的識(shí)別方面，本文對(duì)風(fēng)景公共利益內(nèi)容的界定定位于宏觀層面，根據(jù)風(fēng)景的使用主體（民眾）、供給與管制主體（國家）和風(fēng)景資源客體的三元作用規(guī)律，將風(fēng)景公共利益分為4項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，也是其保護(hù)目標(biāo)與戰(zhàn)略的出發(fā)點(diǎn)，以及保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)：1）國家保護(hù)風(fēng)景資源本體；2）強(qiáng)化資源公益性，保證公眾正當(dāng)使用的權(quán)益；3）公民科學(xué)認(rèn)知風(fēng)景；4）風(fēng)景資源民主化管理。 通過綜合經(jīng)驗(yàn)事實(shí)驗(yàn)證、邏輯實(shí)證、歷史考察、綜合、比較等方法，本文歸結(jié)出以上4項(xiàng)利益的保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)：1）對(duì)于風(fēng)景資源本體保護(hù)，不同國家建立了公共財(cái)產(chǎn)的公共信托制度和公物制度，以私有財(cái)產(chǎn)限制的國家征收、警察權(quán)、保護(hù)地役等法律工具作為實(shí)施保障，通過多樣的保護(hù)區(qū)系統(tǒng)、人類聚居環(huán)境中的土地利用控制來實(shí)現(xiàn)；2）對(duì)于公眾使用風(fēng)景的正當(dāng)性，國家保障公民戶外游憩權(quán)益并提供游憩設(shè)施公共服務(wù)，，設(shè)立（風(fēng)景）進(jìn)入權(quán)作為一種社會(huì)權(quán)，通過公益性門票價(jià)格、價(jià)格監(jiān)管和政府財(cái)政投入保證公民在享用風(fēng)景資源上的經(jīng)濟(jì)可承受性；3）對(duì)于公民科學(xué)認(rèn)知風(fēng)景資源，應(yīng)建立保護(hù)區(qū)的科學(xué)解說教育項(xiàng)目，并在基本教育中加入環(huán)境教育，實(shí)施與保障風(fēng)景資源科學(xué)研究；4）在公民參與風(fēng)景資源管理方面，風(fēng)景信息公開與知情權(quán)，公民決策監(jiān)督權(quán)、參與決策權(quán)，環(huán)境公益訴訟和行政公益訴訟制度是保證公共參與的途徑。此外，本文論述了每項(xiàng)保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的具有代表性的國內(nèi)外制度。 最終，本文以對(duì)策法學(xué)、規(guī)范法學(xué)與制度比較方法，對(duì)我國風(fēng)景公共利益及保護(hù)提出15項(xiàng)風(fēng)景資源國家戰(zhàn)略，以及法制化途徑——制定本領(lǐng)域基本法《風(fēng)景資源法》，并從建構(gòu)可救濟(jì)的社會(huì)權(quán)視角提出風(fēng)景權(quán)，探討其權(quán)利要素。
[Abstract]:This paper sums up and analyzes the typical phenomena of harming the public interests of the landscape, the defects of the related legal system and the resource strategy, and thinks that the variety and seriousness of the phenomenon of the infringement of the public interests, The universality and lack of legal protection make this study of great significance. The root of the phenomenon and problem of harming the public interest of landscape lies in the lack of the cognition of landscape value based on public interest, the national strategy of landscape resources and the all-around legal protection in our country, so we systematize the public interest and protection of landscape. It is urgent to study the frame theory. This paper synthesizes the analysis of sports value, the theory of public interest and the historical method, and proves that the legitimacy of landscape value and the socialization of value concept make landscape have the attribute of public interest. In the aspect of identifying the content of public interest of landscape, the definition of content of public interest of landscape in this paper is fixed at the macroscopic level, according to the ternary action law of the subject of use of scenery (people), the subject of supply and control (state) and the object of landscape resource. The public interest of landscape is divided into four parts, which is also the starting point of its protection goal and strategy, and the foundation of the protection structure: 1) the national protection of landscape resources; 2) strengthening the public welfare of resources, ensuring the rights and interests of the public to use them properly; 3) recognizing the scenery scientifically by citizens; 4) democratizing the management of landscape resources. By synthesizing empirical facts verification, logical demonstration, historical investigation, synthesis, comparison and other methods, this paper concludes the above four benefits of protection structure: 1) for the protection of landscape resources ontology, Different countries have established public trust systems and public property systems for public property, using the legal instruments of state expropriation, police power, protected land servitude, etc., which are restricted by private property, as safeguards for their implementation, through a variety of protected area systems. Land use control in human settlements; 2) for the legitimacy of public use of scenery, the state protects citizens' rights and interests of outdoor recreation and provides public services for recreational facilities, and establishes (scenery) right of entry as a kind of social right, through public welfare ticket price, Price supervision and government financial input to ensure that citizens in the enjoyment of landscape resources on the economic affordability; 3) for the citizens' scientific cognition of landscape resources, we should establish the scientific explanation education project of the reserve, and add environmental education to the basic education, and carry out and guarantee the scientific research of landscape resources. 4) in the aspect of citizen's participation in the management of landscape resources, the public information of scenery and the right to know, the right to supervise the citizen's decision, the right to participate in the decision, the system of environmental public interest litigation and the system of administrative public interest litigation are the ways to ensure public participation. In addition, this paper discusses the representative of each protection structure at home and abroad. Finally, by means of countermeasure law, standardizing the method of comparing law and system, this paper puts forward 15 national strategies for the public interest and protection of landscape resources in our country, as well as the way of legalization-making the basic Law of Landscape Resources in this field "Scenic Resources Law". And put forward the landscape right from the angle of constructing the social right which can be saved, and discuss its right elements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F592.7

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