掮客在旅游世界中的功能及其角色演化
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-08 07:59
【摘要】：20世紀(jì)中期,旅游人類學(xué)家打破了“東道主——游客”這一二元旅游系統(tǒng)模型,提出第三種角色類型,即東道主與游客之間的調(diào)節(jié)者——掮客。他們?cè)跂|道主與游客的交流中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用,在旅游目的地變化中扮演著獨(dú)一無(wú)二的重要角色,那么究竟哪些人才是旅游世界中的掮客,他們是否具有共同的特點(diǎn),他們的功能與角色是否可以進(jìn)行細(xì)化,當(dāng)東道主文化和旅游者類型發(fā)生變化時(shí),他們的功能與角色是否會(huì)發(fā)生變化,如果變化了,引起這種變化的原因有哪些。這一系列的問(wèn)題引發(fā)了筆者的研究興趣,因此,本文以掮客為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)引入Butler旅游目的地生命周期理論和Plog的旅游者個(gè)性心理模型,分析在旅游目的發(fā)展過(guò)程中掮客的功能及其角色,揭示其演化的一些規(guī)律。 本文采用了質(zhì)性的研究方法,在文章結(jié)構(gòu)上共有七個(gè)部分。 第一部分是緒論,交代了本文的選題背景、目的和意義。第二部分是綜述,通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究成果進(jìn)行回顧,發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)外關(guān)于掮客的研究雖然數(shù)量不少,但缺少歷時(shí)性的分析研究,而國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于文化掮客的研究幾乎為零,僅有個(gè)別學(xué)者對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了初步的探討。第三部分是對(duì)整個(gè)研究設(shè)計(jì)的闡述,交代了本文所采用的質(zhì)性研究方法,以及通過(guò)田野工作獲取研究資料的具體過(guò)程。 第四、五、六三個(gè)部分是本文的核心。 第四部分是對(duì)掮客的概念內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行界定。掮客一詞在旅游研究領(lǐng)域的使用已有半個(gè)多世紀(jì),但至今未賦予它嚴(yán)格、統(tǒng)一、明確的意義,存在著內(nèi)涵不清、外延泛化的問(wèn)題,因此這部分首先厘清掮客的概念,并從形態(tài)、核心職能等方面對(duì)這一概念內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行闡述。隨后探討了掮客產(chǎn)生的原因,認(rèn)為掮客出現(xiàn)的根本原因是旅游者與東道主之間存在信息不對(duì)稱。在這兩部分的基礎(chǔ)上,最后,從掮客接觸對(duì)象的差異、以此謀生程度的差異、行為方式的差異以及意愿的差異四個(gè)維度探討了掮客的類型劃分,并最終確定了本文的研究對(duì)象。 第五部分根據(jù)扎根理論,對(duì)資料進(jìn)行三級(jí)編碼分析,歸納出在目的地探索和發(fā)展兩個(gè)階段掮客的功能與角色,通過(guò)對(duì)兩個(gè)階段掮客功能及其角色進(jìn)行比較分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)受到目的地旅游系統(tǒng)完善程度和旅游者類型兩個(gè)因素的影響,講解型掮客線路推薦的功能不斷弱化,講解、協(xié)調(diào)的功能不斷強(qiáng)化,表演型掮客發(fā)揮著充實(shí)旅游體驗(yàn)與情景再現(xiàn)的功能,掮客的角色構(gòu)成變得更加復(fù)雜。 第六部分是以掮客行為為視角分析掮客與目的地文化涵化的相互關(guān)系。受旅游業(yè)的影響,東道主文化經(jīng)過(guò)合作、篩選、矛盾、融合四個(gè)階段形成一種新的文化,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,掮客通過(guò)篩選和示范兩種方式發(fā)揮作用,另一方面,隨著目的地文化舞臺(tái)化,目的地對(duì)掮客的行為提出更高的要求,文化的涵化與掮客功能的演化是相互影響的。 最后一部分是結(jié)語(yǔ),從研究結(jié)論、研究局限和展望這兩個(gè)方面做總結(jié),歷時(shí)性視角為掮客研究提供了新的視角,掮客功能及其角色演化在解釋目的地文化發(fā)展方面有著獨(dú)特的見(jiàn)解,而掮客演化的模型是否能夠與旅游地生命周期模型、旅游者個(gè)性心理模型進(jìn)行融合尚需要進(jìn)一步研究,這也是筆者后續(xù)研究努力的方向。
[Abstract]:In the mid-20th century, tourism anthropologists broke the dual tourism system model of "host-tourists" and proposed a third type of role, i.e. brokers, the mediators between host and tourists. They played a key role in the communication between host and tourists and played a unique and important role in the change of tourism destination. The role, then exactly which talents are the brokers in the tourism world, whether they have the same characteristics, whether their functions and roles can be refined, whether their functions and roles will change when the host culture and the types of tourists change, and if so, what are the reasons for this change. A series of questions have aroused the author's interest. Therefore, this paper takes brokers as the research object, and analyzes the functions and roles of brokers in the development of tourism purposes by introducing Butler's life cycle theory and Plog's psychological model of tourists'personality, and reveals some laws of their evolution.
This paper adopts qualitative research method, and there are seven parts in the article structure.
The first part is the introduction, explaining the background, purpose and significance of this paper. The second part is a summary. Through reviewing the research results at home and abroad, it is found that although there is a large number of Foreign Studies on brokers, there is a lack of diachronic analysis and research, while the domestic academic research on cultural brokers is almost zero, and only a few scholars have done so. The third part is the elaboration of the whole research design, explaining the qualitative research methods adopted in this paper, and the specific process of obtaining research data through field work.
The fourth, fifth and 63 parts are the core of this article.
The fourth part is to define the concept of broker. The use of broker in tourism research has been more than half a century, but so far it has not been given a strict, unified, clear meaning, there is not clear connotation, extension of the problem, so this part first clarifies the concept of broker, and from the form, core functions and other aspects of this one. Then it discusses the causes of the brokers and holds that the fundamental cause of the brokers'appearance is the information asymmetry between the tourists and the hosts. On the basis of these two parts, finally, it explores the differences of the brokers' contact objects from four dimensions: the difference of the degree of making a living, the difference of the behavior and the difference of the willingness. The classification of brokers was discussed and the research object of this paper was finally determined.
The fifth part, according to the grounded theory, carries on the three-level coding analysis to the data, summarizes the functions and roles of the brokers in the two stages of destination exploration and development. Through the comparative analysis of the functions and roles of the brokers in the two stages, it finds that the brokers are influenced by the perfection of the destination tourism system and the types of tourists, and explains the functions and roles of the brokers. The function of passenger route recommendation is weakening, explaining and coordinating is strengthening, and the function of performing broker is enriching tourism experience and reappearing scenes. The role of broker is becoming more complex.
The sixth part is to analyze the relationship between brokers and the cultural assimilation of the destination from the perspective of brokers'behavior. Under the influence of tourism, the host culture is formed by cooperation, screening, contradictions, and integration in four stages. In this process, brokers play a role through screening and demonstration. On the other hand, with the development of the destination culture, the host culture is influenced by tourism. The cultural stage, the destination put forward higher request to the broker's behavior, the cultural assimilation and the broker's function evolution are mutually influential.
The last part is the conclusion. It summarizes the research conclusion, limitations and prospects. The diachronic perspective provides a new perspective for the study of brokers. The function and role evolution of brokers have unique insights in explaining the development of destination culture. Whether the model of brokers'evolution can be compared with the life cycle model of tourist destinations, tourism. The integration of tourists'personality psychological model needs further study, which is also the direction of the author's follow-up research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F590
[Abstract]:In the mid-20th century, tourism anthropologists broke the dual tourism system model of "host-tourists" and proposed a third type of role, i.e. brokers, the mediators between host and tourists. They played a key role in the communication between host and tourists and played a unique and important role in the change of tourism destination. The role, then exactly which talents are the brokers in the tourism world, whether they have the same characteristics, whether their functions and roles can be refined, whether their functions and roles will change when the host culture and the types of tourists change, and if so, what are the reasons for this change. A series of questions have aroused the author's interest. Therefore, this paper takes brokers as the research object, and analyzes the functions and roles of brokers in the development of tourism purposes by introducing Butler's life cycle theory and Plog's psychological model of tourists'personality, and reveals some laws of their evolution.
This paper adopts qualitative research method, and there are seven parts in the article structure.
The first part is the introduction, explaining the background, purpose and significance of this paper. The second part is a summary. Through reviewing the research results at home and abroad, it is found that although there is a large number of Foreign Studies on brokers, there is a lack of diachronic analysis and research, while the domestic academic research on cultural brokers is almost zero, and only a few scholars have done so. The third part is the elaboration of the whole research design, explaining the qualitative research methods adopted in this paper, and the specific process of obtaining research data through field work.
The fourth, fifth and 63 parts are the core of this article.
The fourth part is to define the concept of broker. The use of broker in tourism research has been more than half a century, but so far it has not been given a strict, unified, clear meaning, there is not clear connotation, extension of the problem, so this part first clarifies the concept of broker, and from the form, core functions and other aspects of this one. Then it discusses the causes of the brokers and holds that the fundamental cause of the brokers'appearance is the information asymmetry between the tourists and the hosts. On the basis of these two parts, finally, it explores the differences of the brokers' contact objects from four dimensions: the difference of the degree of making a living, the difference of the behavior and the difference of the willingness. The classification of brokers was discussed and the research object of this paper was finally determined.
The fifth part, according to the grounded theory, carries on the three-level coding analysis to the data, summarizes the functions and roles of the brokers in the two stages of destination exploration and development. Through the comparative analysis of the functions and roles of the brokers in the two stages, it finds that the brokers are influenced by the perfection of the destination tourism system and the types of tourists, and explains the functions and roles of the brokers. The function of passenger route recommendation is weakening, explaining and coordinating is strengthening, and the function of performing broker is enriching tourism experience and reappearing scenes. The role of broker is becoming more complex.
The sixth part is to analyze the relationship between brokers and the cultural assimilation of the destination from the perspective of brokers'behavior. Under the influence of tourism, the host culture is formed by cooperation, screening, contradictions, and integration in four stages. In this process, brokers play a role through screening and demonstration. On the other hand, with the development of the destination culture, the host culture is influenced by tourism. The cultural stage, the destination put forward higher request to the broker's behavior, the cultural assimilation and the broker's function evolution are mutually influential.
The last part is the conclusion. It summarizes the research conclusion, limitations and prospects. The diachronic perspective provides a new perspective for the study of brokers. The function and role evolution of brokers have unique insights in explaining the development of destination culture. Whether the model of brokers'evolution can be compared with the life cycle model of tourist destinations, tourism. The integration of tourists'personality psychological model needs further study, which is also the direction of the author's follow-up research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F590
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