【摘要】：改革開放三十多年以來,我國的入境旅游業(yè)經(jīng)歷了一個從無到有、從小到大的快速發(fā)展過程,2010年,中國已經(jīng)成為世界第三大入境旅游目的地國家。入境外國旅游流是我國入境旅游流中的重要組成部分,但是,中國入境外國旅游流的空間分布極不均衡,集中分布在東部沿海地區(qū),主要是京津冀、長三角、珠三角等地區(qū),其他地區(qū)的入境外國旅游流分布較少,地區(qū)之間入境外國旅游業(yè)發(fā)展很不平衡,使得整個中國的入境外國旅游流空間結(jié)構(gòu)極不合理。 本文主要采用社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析方法和問卷調(diào)查法對中國入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行了定量化的研究。主要研究目的是：①應(yīng)用社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析法相關(guān)指標對中國入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性質(zhì)和結(jié)構(gòu)特征進行研究,揭示各城市節(jié)點在中國入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所處的地位和發(fā)揮的主要功能；②通過應(yīng)用城市對相關(guān)理論揭示中國入境外國旅游流空間分布的不平衡現(xiàn)象；③研究提出拓展中國入境外國市場的一系列對策,為國家旅游部門和地方旅游部門制定入境旅游業(yè)發(fā)展政策和措施提供理論指導(dǎo)。 本研究的主要結(jié)論如下：①對入境外國游客的抽樣調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示：北京、上海、廣州等三個城市是我國最重要的三大出入境口岸,北京、上海、廣州和香港等4個城市是我國入境外國旅游的4大口岸城市。②在以斷點值為3和7的入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,北京的中心性、中介性等指標值均處于最高水平,是我國入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的中心。③中國入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)屬于典型的“核心-邊緣”網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),其成員可劃分為三個層次：第一層次為整個中國入境旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的核心成員,包括澳門、北京、成都、廣州、桂林、杭州、昆明、廈門、上海、蘇州、西安和香港等12個城市節(jié)點；第二層次則為次級核心城市節(jié)點,包括大連、大同、九寨溝、開封、樂山、南京、深圳、武漢等8個城市節(jié)點;其余城市節(jié)點是中國入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的第三層次,為邊緣成員。④在入境旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的整體特征方面,斷點值為3的入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)和斷點值為7的入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)均存在網(wǎng)絡(luò)密度低、內(nèi)部緊密程度低的特點,入境旅游流分布不均衡且具有圍繞部分核心城市集聚或擴散的明顯趨勢。⑤北京、上海、廣州和香港是入境外國游客出入境中國的口岸節(jié)點,西安、桂林是入境外國游客在中國流動的樞紐節(jié)點,成都是入境外國游客向四川其他旅游目的地流動的中轉(zhuǎn)節(jié)點,北京、上海、廣州屬于復(fù)合型節(jié)點,既是口岸,也是旅游流的集散樞紐和中轉(zhuǎn)節(jié)點。杭州、蘇州和上海是長三角地區(qū)的樞紐節(jié)點,廣州、深圳和香港是珠三角地區(qū)的樞紐節(jié)點,昆明是西南地區(qū)的中轉(zhuǎn)節(jié)點。⑥中國入境外國旅游流地理分布與入境旅游接待量空間分布聯(lián)系極為緊密,特征為：我國入境旅游流地理分布總體上呈現(xiàn)出東部多、西部少,南方多,北方少的趨勢,主要集中分布在長三角(以上海、蘇州、杭州尤為集中)、珠三角、環(huán)渤海地區(qū)、西南地區(qū)等四大區(qū)域,東北、西北、青藏高原和內(nèi)蒙古高原等區(qū)域入境外國旅游流分布較少；在分布城市層面上,入境外國旅游流流量大、頻率高的城市是北京、上海、廣州、西安、香港、成都、桂林、昆明、蘇州和杭州等主要熱點旅游城市;在城市之間的入境外國旅游流流動關(guān)系上北京-西安、上海-蘇州、蘇州-上海等城市對組合所占份額較高,熱點旅游城市缺乏交流或者交流不密切的組合有：西安-廣州、上海-成都、北京-昆明、北京-桂林、昆明-上海等城市對組合。 本研究的主要創(chuàng)新之處是：①提出北京、上海、廣州和香港等4個城市是入境外國旅游的4大口岸城市的結(jié)論。②根據(jù)社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)指標對主要的城市節(jié)點進行了類型劃分。③通過“核心-邊緣關(guān)聯(lián)缺失模型”多次擬合后確定中國入境外國旅游流網(wǎng)絡(luò)為“核心-邊緣”網(wǎng)絡(luò),并將網(wǎng)絡(luò)城市節(jié)點劃分為核心節(jié)點、次級核心節(jié)點和邊緣節(jié)點三個層次。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years since the reform and opening up, China's inbound tourism industry has experienced a rapid development from scratch, from small to large. In 2010, China has become the third largest inbound tourism destination country in the world. Distribution is extremely unbalanced, concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, mainly Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions, the distribution of inbound foreign tourism flow in other regions is less, the development of inbound foreign tourism between regions is very unbalanced, making the spatial structure of inbound foreign tourism flow in China is extremely unreasonable.
This paper makes a quantitative study on the network of inbound foreign tourist flows in China by using the methods of social network analysis and questionnaire survey. The main research purposes are as follows: 1. Applying the relevant indexes of social network analysis to study the nature and structural characteristics of the network of inbound foreign tourist flows in China, revealing the entry of each city node in China. The status and main functions of the foreign tourist flow network; 2. revealing the imbalance of spatial distribution of inbound foreign tourist flows in China by applying city-to-city theory; 3. studying and proposing a series of countermeasures to expand the inbound foreign market in China, and formulating inbound tourism development for the National Tourism Department and local tourism department Provide theoretical guidance for policies and measures.
The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The sampling survey data of inbound foreign tourists show that Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other three cities are the three most important inbound and outbound ports in China. 4 cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hong Kong, are the four largest inbound foreign tourist ports in China. 2. Inbound foreign tourists with breakpoint values of 3 and 7. Beijing is the center of China's inbound foreign tourist flow network. 3. China's inbound foreign tourist flow network belongs to the typical "core-edge" network structure. Its members can be divided into three levels: the first level is the whole China's inbound tourist flow network. Core members, including Macao, Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Guilin, Hangzhou, Kunming, Xiamen, Shanghai, Suzhou, Xi'an and Hong Kong, 12 urban nodes; the second level is the secondary core city nodes, including Dalian, Datong, Jiuzhaigou, Kaifeng, Leshan, Nanjing, Shenzhen, Wuhan and other eight urban nodes; the remaining urban nodes are China's inbound foreign tourism. The third level of the flow network is the marginal member. 4 In terms of the overall characteristics of the inbound tourist flow network, the inbound foreign tourist flow network with breakpoint value of 3 and the inbound foreign tourist flow network with breakpoint value of 7 have the characteristics of low network density and low internal compactness, and the inbound tourist flow distribution is not balanced and has the characteristics of surrounding some core cities. _Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hong Kong are the entry and exit of foreign tourists to China's port nodes, Xi'an, Guilin is the entry of foreign tourists in China's hub node, Chengdu is the transfer node of foreign tourists to other tourist destinations in Sichuan, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou is a complex type. Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai are the pivotal nodes in the Yangtze River Delta region, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong are the pivotal nodes in the Pearl River Delta region, and Kunming is the transit node in the southwest region. The geographical distribution of inbound tourist flows in China is very close, characterized by the following: on the whole, the inbound tourist flows tend to be more in the east, less in the west, more in the South and less in the north, mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta (especially in Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou), the Pearl River Delta, Bohai Rim, Southwest China, Northeast, Northwest China, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau, etc. The inbound foreign tourist flows are less distributed in the region; at the city level, the inbound foreign tourist flows are large and frequent in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi'an, Hong Kong, Chengdu, Guilin, Kunming, Suzhou and Hangzhou; and at the city level, the inbound foreign tourist flows between Beijing-Xi'an, Shanghai-Suzhou, etc. Cities such as Suzhou and Shanghai have a higher share of the portfolio, and hot tourist cities lack of exchanges or exchanges are: Xi'an-Guangzhou, Shanghai-Chengdu, Beijing-Kunming, Beijing-Guilin, Kunming-Shanghai and other cities.
The main innovations of this study are: (1) putting forward the conclusion that four cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hong Kong, are the four major ports for inbound foreign tourism; (2) classifying the main urban nodes according to the structural index of social network; (3) defining China's inbound and outbound by fitting the "core-edge correlation missing model" many times. China's tourism flow network is a "core-edge" network, and the nodes of network cities are divided into three levels: core nodes, secondary core nodes and edge nodes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F592;F224

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