本文選題：古代夯土建筑 + 灰土��； 參考：《西北大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：夯土建筑屬于生土建筑的范疇,在我國古代有著廣泛的應用和分布。古代夯土建筑的營造,包括建筑環(huán)境的選擇,建筑材料的篩選與加工,建造工藝的改良與改進等方面,都蘊含著大量先民的智慧�；彝敛牧显谖覈率鲿r代晚期就有應用,后來隨著石灰生產技術的不斷提高,灰土材料在建筑上的應用也逐漸廣泛起來,除了作為膠結材料外,也直接用于夯土的夯筑。本論文在前期調查工作的基礎上,通過基礎土工試驗和一些現(xiàn)代分析技術,主要完成了以下方面的工作： 1.用X射線衍射儀和掃描電子顯微鏡對各遺址夯土進行定性定量分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)萬城夯土中有石灰材料的加入,土樣中方解石晶型的碳酸鈣含量為12.5%；遼上京皇城夯土夯筑前也加入了石灰對土進行改性,土樣中方解石晶型的碳酸鈣含量為33.8%,類似三七灰土,而遼上京漢城夯土則未發(fā)現(xiàn)石灰材料的加入；明長城海墁層夯土方解石含量高達70.3%,為石灰和粘土拌合夯筑而成,明長城夯土一未發(fā)現(xiàn)石灰材料的加入,夯土二方解石含量為11.6%,可能是加入石灰夯筑而成的；白楊溝夯土中有石灰材料的加入,其方解石晶型的碳酸鈣含量為41.8%,而白楊溝土坯中未發(fā)現(xiàn)石灰材料的加入。此外,掃描電鏡分析還發(fā)現(xiàn),加入石灰材料的夯土結構更加致密,土粒粘結也更緊密。 2.對統(tǒng)萬城遺址、遼上京遺址、陜北榆林地區(qū)明長城、哈密白楊溝佛寺遺址夯土進行理化性質測定實驗。結果表明,石灰材料的加入,提高了夯土的理化性能,具體表現(xiàn)在：統(tǒng)萬城夯土理化性能優(yōu)良,尤其是力學強度高于國內其他夯土建筑遺址平均水平；遼上京皇城夯土理化性能優(yōu)于漢城夯土；明長城海墁層夯土理化性能優(yōu)于另外兩個夯土；白楊溝佛寺遺址夯土理化性能優(yōu)于土坯。 3.通過碘淀粉顯色反應,分析各遺址加入石灰的夯土中是否含有糯米成分。結果顯示,各遺址土樣碘淀粉顯色反應結果均為淺黃色,土樣中不含糯米的有機成分。 總而言之,本論文以典型夯土建筑遺址灰土材料為例,分析研究其成分、結構及理化性質,在對傳統(tǒng)灰土材料的研究上取得了一定的成果。
[Abstract]:Rammed earth architecture belongs to the category of raw soil architecture, which is widely used and distributed in ancient China. The construction of ancient rammed earth architecture, including the choice of architectural environment, the selection and processing of building materials, and the improvement and improvement of construction technology, all contain a great deal of wisdom of the ancestors. Lime-soil materials have been used in the late Neolithic period in China. With the continuous improvement of lime production technology, lime-soil materials have gradually been widely used in buildings, in addition to being used as cementing materials, they are also directly used for ramming of rammed soil. In this paper, based on the previous investigation work, through the basic geotechnical tests and some modern analytical techniques, the following work has been accomplished: 1. Using X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the rammed soil of various sites, it is found that there is lime material in the rammed soil of Tongwancheng, and the calcium carbonate content of calcite crystal form in the soil sample is 12.5%. Lime was added to the rammed soil before ramming of the rammed soil in the city of Liaoshangjing. The calcium carbonate content of calcite crystal type in the soil sample was 33.8, similar to that of Panax notoginseng lime soil, but the lime material was not found in the rammed soil of Liaoshangjing and Seoul. The content of calcite in the Great Wall layer is as high as 70.3, which is composed of lime and clay mixing and ramming. In Ming the Great Wall rammed soil, the addition of lime is not found, and the content of calcite in rammed earth is 11.6. it may be made by adding lime into rammed soil. The calcite crystal calcium carbonate content is 41.8%, but the lime material is not found in the adobe of Baiyanggou compacted soil. In addition, SEM analysis also found that the compacted soil structure was more compact and the soil particle bonding was more compact with lime addition. 2. 2. The physical and chemical properties of tamped soil from Tongwancheng site, Liaoshangjing site, Ming the Great Wall and Hami Baiyanggou Buddhist temple site in Yulin area of northern Shaanxi were determined. The results show that the physical and chemical properties of rammed soil are improved by the addition of lime material. The results are as follows: the physical and chemical properties of the rammed soil in Tongwancheng are excellent, especially the mechanical strength is higher than the average level of other rammed soil architectural sites in China; The physical and chemical properties of the rammed soil in the imperial city of Liaoshangjing are superior to those in Seoul; the physical and chemical properties of the rammed soil in the Great Wall layer are better than those in the other two rammed soils; The color reaction of iodized starch was used to analyze whether the rammed soil added lime to the site contains glutinous rice. The results showed that the color reaction of iodine starch was light yellow and there was no organic component of glutinous rice in soil samples. In a word, this paper takes the typical lime-soil materials of rammed earth architectural sites as an example, analyzes and studies its composition, structure and physical and chemical properties, and has made some achievements in the research of traditional lime-soil materials.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K878;TU50

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