本文選題：地方政府 + 旅游應(yīng)急管理�。� 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)素有“無煙產(chǎn)業(yè)”和“永遠(yuǎn)的朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)”之稱,是綜合性和依托性強(qiáng)的產(chǎn)業(yè),具有涉及面廣、關(guān)聯(lián)性大、帶動(dòng)性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn),在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中有著重要地位和支柱作用。自改革開放以來,我國旅游業(yè)快速發(fā)展,產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,產(chǎn)業(yè)體系日趨完善,旅游業(yè)已成為我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的戰(zhàn)略性支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局公告,“2012年,全國國內(nèi)旅游人數(shù)為29.57億人次,國內(nèi)旅游收入22706.2億元人民幣�！甭糜位顒�(dòng)在時(shí)間上的暫時(shí)性以及空間上的異地性,在運(yùn)行過程中呈現(xiàn)出關(guān)聯(lián)廣泛的綜合性特點(diǎn),使得旅游業(yè)在快速發(fā)展的同時(shí)也面臨著各種負(fù)面事件的威脅,任何突發(fā)事件都可能對(duì)旅游業(yè)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展產(chǎn)生影響,比如經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)、自然災(zāi)害、文化沖突、公共衛(wèi)生事件等。另一方面,旅游過程本身也暗藏著大量的突發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件,如旅游者因事故災(zāi)難、自然災(zāi)害、突發(fā)社會(huì)安全事件以及突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件而發(fā)生的重大游客傷亡事件等。僅2003年的“非典”,給我國旅游業(yè)導(dǎo)致旅游總收入降低了2768億元的巨大損失和面臨1989年來旅游業(yè)第一次負(fù)增長的嚴(yán)峻問題。 因此近些年來,國內(nèi)興起突發(fā)公共事件應(yīng)急管理的研究并逐漸成為焦點(diǎn),提高政府處理與解決突發(fā)公共事件的能力也同樣受到公眾的關(guān)注。旅游應(yīng)急管理能力需要加強(qiáng),這關(guān)乎國家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和人民群眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,是全面落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀、建設(shè)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的重要內(nèi)容,也是社會(huì)管理體制創(chuàng)新的必然需要。 通過文獻(xiàn)檢索,對(duì)地方旅游應(yīng)急管理定義是：地方旅游行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)以及政府旅游管理部門在旅游突發(fā)事件的事前預(yù)警、事發(fā)應(yīng)對(duì)、事中處理與事后處理階段里,通過建立旅游突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急機(jī)制,采取必要的方法措施,使得游客的人身財(cái)產(chǎn)安全得到保證,促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)以及社會(huì)的健康快速發(fā)展。旅游應(yīng)急管理,重點(diǎn)在應(yīng)急管理的三個(gè)階段和九個(gè)重點(diǎn)方面,即事前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理、制定應(yīng)急預(yù)案、演習(xí)與培訓(xùn)、應(yīng)急資源的準(zhǔn)備、溝通與媒體；危機(jī)事中的應(yīng)急管理、溝通與媒體；危機(jī)事后的危機(jī)恢復(fù)、危機(jī)評(píng)估。旅游應(yīng)急管理是綜合應(yīng)用科學(xué)、科技、計(jì)劃和管理的學(xué)科,用于處理在旅游業(yè)中對(duì)大量旅游人群造成重大人身傷害或財(cái)產(chǎn)損失以及干擾社會(huì)生活的事件。 本文綜合運(yùn)用理論研究法、案例分析法、比較分析法開展研究,歸納出有關(guān)地方政府旅游應(yīng)急管理的基本理論,分析旅游危機(jī)的過程管理以及旅游應(yīng)急管理的處理機(jī)制,對(duì)比中央政府與地方政府的不同職責(zé),分析地方政府旅游應(yīng)急管理的具體任務(wù)。就地方政府如何完善突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急管理機(jī)制,有效地提高相關(guān)部門處理旅游突發(fā)事件的能力做好相關(guān)的應(yīng)急救援工作,更好地保護(hù)游客的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,最大限度地降低突發(fā)事件對(duì)旅游業(yè)導(dǎo)致的損失作出了全面的概述。在對(duì)比“非典”時(shí)期桂林市旅游應(yīng)急處理、“太湖水污染”發(fā)生時(shí)無錫市政府的旅游應(yīng)急以及“5·12”汶川大地震之后震區(qū)地方政府旅游業(yè)恢復(fù)工作的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：面對(duì)層出不窮的突發(fā)事件,我國地方政府的旅游應(yīng)急管理機(jī)制還不夠完善,危機(jī)處理還不能夠很好的開展。甚至,在面對(duì)可能的多種突發(fā)事件并發(fā)局面時(shí),有的地方政府和旅游企業(yè)在應(yīng)急管理中容易出現(xiàn)行動(dòng)不協(xié)調(diào)的現(xiàn)象或出現(xiàn)隱瞞不報(bào)等情況,嚴(yán)重影響旅游業(yè)處理突發(fā)事件的效率。通過案例中各地政府面對(duì)危機(jī)事件應(yīng)急管理的對(duì)比分析,提出我國縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)急管理的困境,相關(guān)預(yù)防管理、聯(lián)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)、危機(jī)公關(guān)以及組織體系中需要解決的問題。 本文得出旅游突發(fā)事件的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程往往具有潛伏期、形成期、暴發(fā)相持期和消退期,旅游應(yīng)急管理是為對(duì)旅游突發(fā)事件的全過程管理。旅游應(yīng)急管理可根據(jù)突發(fā)事件的發(fā)展過程分為預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)警、識(shí)別控制、緊急處理和善后管理四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)；其次,旅游應(yīng)急管理表現(xiàn)為一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)管理,包括預(yù)防、準(zhǔn)備、響應(yīng)和恢復(fù)四個(gè)階段；最后,旅游應(yīng)急管理表現(xiàn)為一個(gè)完整的系統(tǒng)工程,可以概括為“一案三制”,即旅游突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急預(yù)案和應(yīng)急機(jī)制、體制和法制。 本文最后提出：地方政府為加強(qiáng)旅游突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急管理水平,有效提高防范和應(yīng)對(duì)旅游業(yè)突發(fā)事件能力,必須堅(jiān)持以人為本的執(zhí)政理念,提高行政效率,堅(jiān)持以全過程管理為主線,以風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控為核心,建立完善地方政府旅游應(yīng)急管理體系,實(shí)施全過程的綜合應(yīng)急管理。同時(shí),應(yīng)急處置過程中,要加強(qiáng)與各部門、各條塊、各層級(jí)之間的應(yīng)急處理聯(lián)動(dòng),加強(qiáng)日常信息互通,各部門的聯(lián)動(dòng),以及相鄰地方政府互動(dòng),增強(qiáng)旅游危機(jī)處理的主動(dòng)性和協(xié)調(diào)性。
[Abstract]:The tourism industry is known as "smokeless industry" and "everlasting sunrise industry". It is an industry with comprehensive and strong support. It has a wide range, great relevance and strong driving characteristics. It has an important position and pillar role in the development of the national economy. Since the reform and opening up, China's tourism industry has developed rapidly and the industrial scale has been expanding continuously. As the industrial system is becoming more and more perfect, tourism has become the strategic pillar industry of our national economy. According to the State Bureau of statistics, "in 2012, the number of domestic tourists is 2 billion 957 million people, and the domestic tourism income is 2 trillion and 270 billion 620 million yuan RMB." the temporal and spatial characteristics of tourism activities were presented in the process of operation. With the comprehensive and comprehensive characteristics, the tourism industry is faced with the threat of all kinds of negative events at the same time. Any unexpected events may have an impact on the stable development of tourism, such as economic crisis, natural disasters, cultural conflicts, public health events and so on. On the other hand, the tourism process itself is hidden in a large number of sudden events. Risk events, such as the tourist accidents caused by accidents, natural disasters, social security emergencies and public health emergencies, and so on. Only in 2003, the "SARS" gave the tourism industry a huge loss of 276 billion 800 million yuan to China's tourism industry and the first negative growth of tourism in 1989. A serious problem.
Therefore, in recent years, the domestic emergence of emergency management of public emergency management has gradually become the focus. To improve the government's ability to deal with and solve public emergencies is also concerned by the public. The ability of emergency management of tourism needs to be strengthened, which is about the national economic and social development strategy and the safety of the people's life and property. Real Scientific Outlook on Development, an important part of building a harmonious socialist society, is also an inevitable need for the innovation of social management system.
Through the literature retrieval, the definition of local tourism emergency management is: the local tourism industry organizations and the government tourism management departments in the pre-warning, incident, handling and post-processing of tourism emergencies, through the establishment of emergency mechanism of tourism emergencies, take the necessary methods and measures to make the personal property of tourists. Security is guaranteed to promote the healthy and rapid development of tourism and society. Emergency management of tourism focuses on three stages and nine key aspects of emergency management, risk management before the immediate event, emergency plan, exercise and training, preparation of emergency resources, communication and media; emergency management in crisis, communication and media; crisis. Crisis recovery, crisis assessment. Tourism emergency management is a comprehensive application of science, technology, planning and management. It is used to deal with events that cause significant personal injury or property loss to a large number of tourists and interference in social life in the tourism industry.
This paper uses the theory research method, the case analysis method and the comparative analysis method to carry out the research, sums up the basic theories about the local government tourism emergency management, analyzes the process management of the tourism crisis and the processing mechanism of the tourism emergency management, compares the different responsibilities between the central government and the local government, and analyzes the emergency management of the local government tourism. The specific task of the local government is to improve the emergency management mechanism of emergency and improve the relevant departments' ability to deal with tourism emergencies, to better protect the safety of the tourists' life and property, and to make a comprehensive overview of the losses caused by the emergency. In contrast to the emergency treatment of Guilin in the period of "SARS", the study on the tourism emergency of Wuxi municipal government and the recovery of local government tourism after the "5. 12" Wenchuan earthquake in "Taihu water pollution" found that the emergency management mechanism of the local government in China is not enough to be finished. Good, crisis management can not be carried out well. Even in the face of a variety of possible emergencies, some local governments and tourism enterprises are prone to uncoordinated action or concealment in emergency management, which seriously affect the efficiency of the tourism management. In the face of the comparative analysis of emergency management of crisis events, the plight of emergency management at the county level in China, related prevention and management, coordination and coordination, crisis public relations and the problems that need to be solved in the organization system are put forward.
This paper concludes that the development process of tourism emergencies often has the latent period, the formation period, the outbreak phase and the retreat period, the tourism emergency management is the whole process management for the tourism emergencies. The tourism emergency management can be divided into four rings according to the development process of the unexpected events, which are forecast early warning, identification control, emergency treatment and post management. Secondly, the tourism emergency management performance is a dynamic management, including four stages of prevention, preparation, response and recovery. Finally, tourism emergency management is a complete system engineering, which can be summarized as "one case three systems", that is, emergency plan and emergency mechanism, system and legal system for tourism emergencies.
At the end of this paper, the local government, in order to strengthen the emergency management level of tourism emergencies, effectively improve the ability to prevent and cope with the unexpected events in the tourism industry, must adhere to the people-oriented ruling concept, improve the administrative efficiency, adhere to the whole process management as the main line, and take the risk prevention and control as the core, establish and perfect the local government tourism emergency management body. At the same time, in the process of emergency disposal, we should strengthen the emergency handling and linkage between the various departments, the various blocks and the various levels, strengthen the daily information exchange, the linkage of the various departments, and the interaction between the adjacent local governments, and enhance the initiative and coordination of the tourism crisis management.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F592.7;D63

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