【摘要】：建設項目日趨復雜化，伴隨復雜的施工和合同文件，往往會產(chǎn)生復雜的沖突和爭端。爭端本身是一項無增值的活動，但為解決爭端卻會產(chǎn)生較高的成本，甚至造成諸多或潛在或長遠的影響。本文對為解決爭端所付出的成本進行定量分析，提出預測交易成本的方法，這將有助于爭端參與方在解決爭端時識別和分析可能產(chǎn)生的交易成本，輔助爭端方選擇合適的爭端解決決策，避免爭端升級，減少解決爭端所花費的成本。 本文基于國內(nèi)外學者已有研究成果提出的因素，同時將專家訪談提到的因素作為補充，提出工程爭端交易成本的因素體系，將交易成本分為顯性交易成本和隱性交易成本加以研究。針對不易識別的隱性交易成本因素，通過調(diào)研問卷對其因素產(chǎn)生損失的重要性程度進行定量分析，對調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)的描述性統(tǒng)計進行系統(tǒng)分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)承包商方和業(yè)主方感知到的隱性成本因素的重要性程度存在一定偏差。承包商方認為損失最大的因素為喪失未來合作產(chǎn)生的損失，而業(yè)主方認為損失最大的因素為項目工期延誤產(chǎn)生的損失。為此，，本文運用主成分因子分析法對隱性成本因素的重要性程度進行進一步深入分析，利用兩種算法計算隱性成本因素的權重，其結果是因素的權重略有差異。綜合兩種算法，得到了對隱性成本影響較大的五個因素分別為其他合作、未來合作、承包商投標競爭力損失、資金延遲回收損失和后續(xù)工作質(zhì)量損失。 基于對工程爭端交易成本因素體系的識別，進一步提出工程爭端交易成本量化預測方法。通過結構化訪談和調(diào)研問卷相結合的方式收集了21個工程項目爭端案例，對其進行數(shù)據(jù)分析和總結，預測出交易成本，以求幫助爭端參與方在爭端發(fā)生時，對解決爭端所花費的交易成本進行合理預測，客觀理性地設置談判底價和看待談判結果，避免爭端進一步升級。 本研究還針對業(yè)主最為重視的工期延誤損失因素，以工程進度和質(zhì)量績效兩個因素為例，對降低交易成本，友好解決爭端進行了進一步討論。結果顯示，當爭端發(fā)生時，如承包商能保證工程進度和質(zhì)量，避免工期延誤，業(yè)主會對承包商付出的努力給予認可，為自己的利益作出適當讓步，承包商也會從中降低因工期延誤損失和質(zhì)量缺陷損失所帶來的隱性成本，在沖突和爭端中找到互利的結果。
[Abstract]:Construction projects are becoming more and more complicated, accompanied by complex construction and contract documents, often lead to complex conflicts and disputes. Dispute itself is a non-value-added activity, but in order to resolve the dispute, it will have higher cost, and even cause many or potential or long-term effects. In this paper, the cost of dispute settlement is quantitatively analyzed, and the method of forecasting transaction cost is put forward, which will help the dispute participants to identify and analyze the transaction costs that may be incurred in the settlement of the dispute. Assist the disputing parties to choose the appropriate dispute settlement decision, avoid the dispute escalation, and reduce the cost of dispute settlement. Based on the factors put forward by scholars at home and abroad and the factors mentioned in expert interviews, this paper puts forward the factor system of transaction cost of engineering disputes. The transaction cost is divided into explicit transaction cost and implicit transaction cost. Aiming at the hidden transaction cost factors which are not easy to identify, this paper makes a quantitative analysis on the importance of the loss caused by the factors through the questionnaire, and makes a systematic analysis on the descriptive statistics of the survey data. It is found that the importance of the hidden cost factors perceived by the contractor and the owner has some deviation. The contractor considers that the biggest loss is the loss of future cooperation, while the owner believes that the biggest loss is the loss caused by the delay in the project construction period. Therefore, this paper uses principal component factor analysis method to further analyze the importance of hidden cost factors, using the two algorithms to calculate the weight of hidden cost factors, the result is that the weight of factors is slightly different. By synthesizing the two algorithms, five factors which have a great influence on the hidden cost are obtained: other cooperation, future cooperation, contractor bidding competitiveness loss, fund delay recovery loss and subsequent work quality loss. Based on the identification of the transaction cost system of the construction dispute, a quantitative forecasting method for the transaction cost of the construction dispute is proposed. Through the combination of structured interviews and questionnaires, 21 cases of project disputes were collected, and the data were analyzed and summarized to predict the transaction costs in order to help the dispute participants in the dispute. The transaction cost of dispute settlement is predicted reasonably, the lowest price of negotiation is set objectively and rationally, and the negotiation result is viewed, so as to avoid further escalation of the dispute. This study also aims at the factors of delay and loss in the construction period that the owners attach most importance to, taking the two factors of project schedule and quality performance as examples, the further discussion is made on reducing transaction cost and settling disputes amicably. The results show that when a dispute arises, if the contractor can guarantee the progress and quality of the project and avoid delays in the construction period, the employer will recognize the efforts made by the contractor and make appropriate concessions for his own benefit. The contractor will also reduce the hidden cost due to delay and quality defect losses and find mutually beneficial results in conflicts and disputes.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F285

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