本文關鍵詞： 生產(chǎn)線配送物流 補貨方法 看板 配套補貨　出處：《上海交通大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：為滿足用戶日益多樣化需求，制造企業(yè)持續(xù)的增加產(chǎn)品種類與型號，但是單一產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)批量卻逐漸減小,這給制造企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)線補貨系統(tǒng)帶來了更大的壓力。另一方面，隨著勞動力成本上漲，生產(chǎn)線補貨成本也持續(xù)上升，傳統(tǒng)的依靠增大庫存來滿足生產(chǎn)線需求的做法，已經(jīng)難以適應現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)方式。當前應用較為普遍的生產(chǎn)線補貨方法主要有：批量補貨、看板補貨、配套補貨與順序補貨。但是配套補貨、看板補貨和批量補貨只是作為企業(yè)把零部件送達生產(chǎn)線的不同選擇，沒有任何一種補貨方法能夠適應全部的生產(chǎn)情況，都存在各自的優(yōu)點與缺點。同時在選擇補貨方法時需要考慮的因素很多，包括：產(chǎn)量、技術水平、人員素質(zhì)、場地空間大小、產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量與質(zhì)量等。因此，如何綜合考慮所有因素，得出最優(yōu)化的補貨方法或補貨方法組合，就成為企業(yè)不得不面對的問題。 本文提出了區(qū)別于大多數(shù)文獻的觀點：將上述諸多重要因素轉化成單一評價指標-成本來綜合評價生產(chǎn)線補貨系統(tǒng)。 本文通過首先分析生產(chǎn)制造企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)需求，包括物料的需求、場地需求及質(zhì)量需求等，分析得到生產(chǎn)線物流作業(yè)的要求。然后介紹了幾種常用補貨方法的原理。其中包括：看板補貨、順序補貨與配套補貨。根據(jù)原理，分析了上述三種補貨方法的優(yōu)勢與劣勢，以及對其適用性給出了綜合評價。同時分析了生產(chǎn)線的補貨流程，探討了流程中存在的問題與產(chǎn)生原因。建立了囊括整個補貨流程的成本計算模型，該計算模型可以精確計算在不同補貨方法下，每一種物料的補貨成本，并能夠反映不同補貨方法對成本的影響。從而可以根據(jù)該模型的計算結果，選擇最優(yōu)化的補貨方法，最終達到了降低企業(yè)運營成本的目的。 最后，以M企業(yè)挖掘機產(chǎn)品項目為例，分析了該項目現(xiàn)有補貨方法設計方案的原理，指出了該方案的不足。并依據(jù)成本計算模型，提出了兩種新的補貨方法設計方案:比例優(yōu)化法與成本優(yōu)化法。其中比例優(yōu)化法印證了看板補貨方法在補貨成本上具有優(yōu)勢的結論。但是，，比例優(yōu)化法也存在一定的局限。成本優(yōu)化法能夠量化不同補貨方法對補貨成本、裝配成本及空間站用成本的影響，并通過選擇成本最優(yōu)的補貨方法，達到降低上述成本的目的。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the increasingly diverse needs of users, manufacturing enterprises continue to increase product types and models, but the production of a single product is gradually reduced. This puts more pressure on production line restocking systems in manufacturing enterprises. On the other hand, production line replenishment costs continue to rise as labour costs rise. The traditional method of relying on increasing inventory to meet the demand of production line has been difficult to adapt to the modern production mode. At present, the main methods of production line replenishment are: batch replenishment, Kanban replenishment. But matching replenishment, Kanban replenishment and batch replenishment are only different choices for enterprises to deliver parts to production line, and none of the replenishment methods can adapt to all production conditions. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, there are many factors to be considered in the selection of replenishment methods, including: output, technical level, personnel quality, space size, product output and quality. How to synthetically consider all the factors and get the optimal restocking method or restocking method is a problem that enterprises have to face. This paper puts forward a viewpoint which is different from most literature: to transform the above important factors into a single evaluation index-cost to evaluate the restocking system of production line synthetically. This paper first analyzes the production needs of manufacturing enterprises, including material requirements, site requirements and quality requirements. The requirements of production line logistics operation are analyzed. Then the principles of several common replenishment methods are introduced, including: Kanban replenishment, sequential replenishment and matching replenishment. The advantages and disadvantages of the above three restocking methods are analyzed, and the comprehensive evaluation of their applicability is given. At the same time, the restocking process of the production line is analyzed. The problems and causes in the process are discussed. A cost calculation model covering the whole restocking process is established, which can accurately calculate the replenishment cost of each material under different replenishment methods. It can reflect the influence of different restocking methods on the cost, so that the optimal replenishment method can be selected according to the calculation results of the model, and finally the purpose of reducing the operating cost of the enterprise can be achieved. Finally, taking the excavator product project of M enterprise as an example, this paper analyzes the principle of the existing restocking method design scheme of the project, points out the deficiency of the scheme, and calculates the model according to the cost. Two new restocking methods are proposed: proportional optimization method and cost optimization method, among which the proportional optimization method confirms the conclusion that Kanban replenishment method has advantages in replenishment cost. The proportional optimization method also has some limitations. The cost optimization method can quantify the effects of different replenishment methods on replenishment cost, assembly cost and space station cost, and select the optimal replenishment method. To achieve the purpose of reducing the above cost.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.4;F406.7

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