本文關(guān)鍵詞：長(zhǎng)春市廣源小額貸款有限責(zé)任公司融資路徑研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：2008年，，中國(guó)人民銀行、銀監(jiān)會(huì)聯(lián)合下發(fā)的《關(guān)于小額貸款公司試點(diǎn)工作的指導(dǎo)意見》（銀監(jiān)發(fā)〔2008〕23號(hào)），正式宣布在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開展小額貸款公司試點(diǎn)工作。長(zhǎng)春市廣源小額貸款有限責(zé)任公司便是吉林省首家小額貸款公司。該公司成立于2009年4月，注冊(cè)資本金5000萬(wàn)，是經(jīng)吉林省金融辦批準(zhǔn)的首批小額貸款公司之一，成立以來(lái)獲得的各項(xiàng)榮譽(yù)遠(yuǎn)多于其他小額貸款公司，堪稱吉林省小額貸款公司行業(yè)的領(lǐng)頭羊。 小額貸款公司的本質(zhì)是改革開放過(guò)程中先期富裕起來(lái)的人們，利用手中的閑置資金，以多年從商經(jīng)驗(yàn)為依托，為暫時(shí)還沒(méi)有富裕起來(lái)的人群提供信貸支持的一種組織形式。它是我國(guó)金融改革的探路者，注定要被分散為其他金融主體，但現(xiàn)在依然做的就是商業(yè)銀行的零售業(yè)務(wù)，只是不能攬儲(chǔ)和進(jìn)行同業(yè)拆借，不享有金融機(jī)構(gòu)的較低的稅率。如何在不具備金融機(jī)構(gòu)豐富的資金來(lái)源的情況下，保證自身資本實(shí)力穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)，維護(hù)利潤(rùn)的可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”和小微企業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)意圖，是每一個(gè)小額貸款公司需要思考的問(wèn)題。 而擺在所有小額貸款公司面前最大的問(wèn)題即是后續(xù)資金來(lái)源問(wèn)題。按照23號(hào)文的規(guī)定，小額貸款公司具有只貸不存的性質(zhì)，經(jīng)營(yíng)的是信貸業(yè)務(wù)，其資金來(lái)源主要是股東自有資金、捐贈(zèng)資金和銀行融資。從五年的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，小額貸款公司從銀行取得融資支持的難度非常大，鮮有成功，捐贈(zèng)資金更不比說(shuō)，也即小額貸款公司基本僅有自籌資金一條出路，融資路徑十分狹小。 本文以長(zhǎng)春市廣源小額貸款有限責(zé)任公司為研究對(duì)象，利用實(shí)證研究分析法、描述法和文獻(xiàn)分析法，在對(duì)廣源小貸融資困境進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述的基礎(chǔ)上，分析出國(guó)家宏觀政策規(guī)定的融資路徑過(guò)窄、內(nèi)部增信能力不足、經(jīng)營(yíng)與管理能力不強(qiáng)和財(cái)務(wù)信息披露質(zhì)量不高等因素是使其陷入融資困境的原因，從而有針對(duì)性的找到了善用“非禁即入”原則、優(yōu)化可抵（質(zhì)）押資產(chǎn)配置效率、引入國(guó)際領(lǐng)先的小額信貸企業(yè)管理模式以及建立融資雙方信息共享平臺(tái)等四個(gè)解決辦法。 從研究情況看，廣源小貸的融資行為具有民事行為的性質(zhì)，只要解放思想、善用“非禁即入”原則才能擺脫單純依靠銀行貸款的融資“牢籠”。而走出“牢籠”并不是目的，廣源小貸還要通過(guò)優(yōu)化可抵（質(zhì)）押資產(chǎn)配置效率和引入國(guó)際領(lǐng)先的小額信貸企業(yè)管理模式等手段強(qiáng)壯自身，努力符合資金提供方的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。同時(shí)，并不是優(yōu)質(zhì)的企業(yè)一定能夠融資成功，核心影響因素之一就是信息透明度，特別是財(cái)務(wù)信息的披露質(zhì)量，因此，廣源小貸應(yīng)在條件允許的情況下盡可能的提高信息披露質(zhì)量，包括信息本身的詳細(xì)和真實(shí)程度，更包括融資雙方互動(dòng)平臺(tái)的組織。
[Abstract]:In 2008, the people's Bank of China and the Banking Regulatory Commission jointly issued the "guidance on the pilot work of microfinance companies" (No. 23). It is officially announced that the pilot work of micro-loan companies will be carried out nationwide. Changchun Guangyuan Microcredit Co., Ltd. is the first microfinance company in Jilin Province. The company was established in April 2009. Registered capital 50 million is one of the first batch of microfinance companies approved by Jilin Province Financial Office. Since its establishment, it has won far more honors than other microfinance companies. Can be called Jilin Province small loan company industry leader. The essence of microfinance companies is that the people who got rich in the process of reform and opening up used the idle funds in their hands and relied on their business experience for many years. A form of organization that provides credit support to people who are not yet wealthy for the time being. It is the Pathfinder of China's financial reform and is destined to be dispersed into other financial entities. But what still does now is the retail business of commercial bank, just can't collect money and carry on interbank loan, do not enjoy the lower tax rate of financial institution. To ensure the steady growth of their capital strength, to maintain the sustainable growth of profits, and to realize the design intention of serving the "three rural areas" and small and micro enterprises are the problems that every microfinance company needs to think about. The biggest problem in front of all microfinance companies is the problem of the source of follow-up funds. According to the provisions of article 23, microfinance companies have the nature of only lending and not saving, and they are engaged in credit business. The main sources of funds are shareholders' own funds, donated funds and bank financing. From the five years of development experience, microfinance companies from the banks to obtain financing support is very difficult, rarely successful. Donating funds is not the same as saying, that is, microfinance companies basically only raise a way out, financing path is very narrow. This paper takes Changchun Guangyuan Microloan Co., Ltd. as the research object, using the empirical analysis method, description method and literature analysis method, on the basis of detailed description of Guangyuan small loan financing dilemma. The analysis shows that the financing path is too narrow, the internal credit enhancement ability is insufficient, the management and management ability is not strong and the financial information disclosure quality is not high, which are the reasons for the financing difficulties. In order to find out the best use of the principle of "not prohibited or entered", optimize the allocation efficiency of assets against (pledge). This paper introduces the international leading management mode of micro-credit enterprises and the establishment of information sharing platform for both sides of financing. From the point of view of the research situation, the financing behavior of Guangyuan small loan has the nature of civil behavior, as long as emancipating the mind. Only by making good use of the principle of "no ban or entry" can we get rid of the "cage" of financing which simply depends on bank loans, and getting out of the "cage" is not the goal. Guangyuan small loans should strengthen themselves by optimizing the allocation efficiency of collateralized assets and introducing the international leading micro-credit enterprise management model, and strive to meet the aesthetic standards of the fund provider. At the same time. It is not the high quality enterprise to be able to financing success, one of the core influencing factors is information transparency, especially the quality of financial information disclosure, so. Guangyuan small loan should improve the quality of information disclosure as far as possible, including the detail and truth of the information itself, and the organization of the interactive platform between the two parties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F830.42;F832.39

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