【摘要】：20世紀以來，世界經(jīng)濟正經(jīng)歷以物質(zhì)資源和簡單勞動投入為主的傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟向以知識、信息投入為主的知識經(jīng)濟的歷史性轉變。研發(fā)競爭已是決定企業(yè)生存與淘汰的重要選擇機制，要使研發(fā)富有成效，必須采取開放式創(chuàng)新。 企業(yè)之所以不把報酬遞增的功能交給專業(yè)化企業(yè)（產(chǎn)業(yè)）來承擔，是因為在給定的時期，這些功能市場規(guī)模太小，不足以支持一個專業(yè)化的企業(yè)或產(chǎn)業(yè)�？萍歼M步、需求多樣化以及市場規(guī)模擴大都催促著產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)鏈發(fā)生實質(zhì)性的改變。研發(fā)和制造之間的關系隨著研發(fā)外部化而變得越發(fā)模糊，從作為一個和制造一樣的獨立產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈節(jié)發(fā)展到與制造同屬一母體，并淪為制造的仆從；最后又再次分離，呈現(xiàn)獨立分割狀態(tài)。一部分企業(yè)的研發(fā)部門從母體剝離出來而衍生為獨立的研發(fā)業(yè)者，加上新興產(chǎn)業(yè)演化固有的企業(yè)新設，這兩者與物流、售后服務等企業(yè)內(nèi)部化業(yè)務通過外部化而形成獨立產(chǎn)業(yè)的演化路徑并無二致，，屬于典型演化路徑。另一部分企業(yè)通過保留并強化研發(fā)、剝離制造及其他業(yè)務而“變身”為實質(zhì)上的研發(fā)業(yè)者，屬于非典型演化路徑。 本文嘗試構建一個經(jīng)中間產(chǎn)品（配件和研發(fā)產(chǎn)品）迂回生產(chǎn)最終品的新興古典經(jīng)濟學模型，從分工與專業(yè)化的視角來探究研發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)化路徑的微觀機理，由此揭示研發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)化路徑的相關特征及其影響因素。研究得出各環(huán)節(jié)的演化路徑受學習成本、交易效率及交易市場發(fā)展等因素影響，研發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)化之所以擁有非典型路徑是因其能滿足高效益、高等級、旺盛需求以及大優(yōu)勢差等條件，研發(fā)市場從交易效率、供需關系、價格關系等等因素影響著研發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)化路徑。對企業(yè)來說，是否及如何選擇何路徑實現(xiàn)研發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)化需視情況而定。最后，選取深圳作為樣域，對深圳研發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展情況做了初步探析，并從建立市場體系、規(guī)范市場、改善供求關系、集群發(fā)展等方面提出促進研發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century, the world economy is undergoing a historical transformation from the traditional economy, which is dominated by material resources and simple labor input, to the knowledge economy dominated by knowledge and information input. Research and development competition is an important choice mechanism to determine the survival and elimination of enterprises. In order to make R & D effective, open innovation must be adopted. The reason why enterprises do not hand over the function of increasing returns to specialized enterprises (industries) is that in a given period, these functional markets are too small to support a specialized enterprise or industry. The progress of science and technology, the diversification of demand and the expansion of market scale all urge the product production chain to change substantially. The relationship between R & D and manufacturing becomes more and more blurred with the externalization of R & D, from being an independent industrial chain as manufacturing to belonging to the same matrix as manufacturing, and becoming a servant of manufacturing. Finally, it is separated again, showing an independent state of segmentation. The R & D departments of some enterprises are separated from the matrix and derived into independent R & D developers, coupled with the new enterprises inherent in the evolution of emerging industries, both of which are related to logistics. The evolution path of independent industry through externalization of after-sales service and other enterprises is no different, which belongs to the typical evolution path. Another part of the enterprise "transformed" into the substantive R & D by retaining and strengthening R & D, dipping off manufacturing and other businesses, which belongs to the atypical evolution path. This paper attempts to construct a new classical economic model for the roundabout production of final products through intermediate products (accessories and R & D products), and to explore the micro mechanism of R & D industrialization from the perspective of division of labor and specialization. Thus, the related characteristics and influencing factors of R & D industrialization path are revealed. It is concluded that the evolution path of each link is affected by learning cost, transaction efficiency and the development of trading market. The reason why R & D industrialization has atypical path is that it can meet the needs of high efficiency and high grade. Strong demand and large advantage difference and other conditions, R & D market from the transaction efficiency, supply and demand relationship, price relationship and other factors affect the path of R & D industrialization. For enterprises, whether and how to choose which path to achieve R & D industrialization depends on the situation. Finally, Shenzhen is selected as the sample area, and the development of R & D industry in Shenzhen is preliminarily analyzed, and the policy suggestions to promote the development of R & D industrialization are put forward from the aspects of establishing market system, standardizing the market, improving the relationship between supply and demand, and the development of clusters.
【學位授予單位】：暨南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F091.3;F273.1

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