【摘要】：20世紀(jì)西方社會(huì)科學(xué)界圍繞社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃的理論辯論,概括起來(lái)主要集中在兩方面:一是計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的理性核算問(wèn)題,二是官僚主義、管理、激勵(lì)及其他相關(guān)問(wèn)題。中央計(jì)劃體制的困境與其說(shuō)是經(jīng)濟(jì)核算的困難,不如說(shuō)是官僚主義的僵化和保守、高效生產(chǎn)激勵(lì)不足、過(guò)度集中的權(quán)利和決策制定、對(duì)個(gè)人原創(chuàng)性和批判性判斷的抑制。改革實(shí)踐表明,問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵在于找到能夠"克制官僚主義"的方法,而不是簡(jiǎn)單引入市場(chǎng)機(jī)制。計(jì)劃與市場(chǎng)是互補(bǔ)而非矛盾的關(guān)系。市場(chǎng)是計(jì)劃的工具,具有嚴(yán)格界定的優(yōu)先性范圍。計(jì)劃是高效市場(chǎng)的前提,以實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)福利改善為目標(biāo)。因此,社會(huì)主義需要的改革是創(chuàng)造更復(fù)雜、高效且定義明確的計(jì)劃?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu),同時(shí)給予自治以新的激勵(lì)。
[Abstract]:In the 20th century, the theoretical debate in the western social science circles around the socialist economic plan mainly focused on two aspects: one is the rational accounting of planned economy, the other is bureaucracy, management, incentive and other related issues. The dilemma of the central planning system is not so much the difficulty of economic accounting as the inflexibility and conservatism of bureaucracy, the lack of efficient production incentives, the excessive centralization of rights and decision-making, and the suppression of individual originality and critical judgment. Reform practice shows that the key to the problem lies in finding ways to "curb bureaucracy" rather than simply introducing market mechanisms. The plan and the market are complementary rather than contradictory. The market is a planning tool with a strictly defined range of priorities. Planning is a prerequisite for efficient markets and aims at improving social and economic welfare. Thus, socialism needs reforms to create more complex, efficient and well-defined planning institutions, while giving new incentives to autonomy.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民大學(xué)馬克思主義學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：F043

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