【摘要】：公共物品問題主要是由于公共物品的外部性引起的。按照理性選擇理論，在公共物品供給中，個體容易出現搭便車行為。但是存在著成功治理的公有資源社區(qū)，且個體在供給公共物品時存在很多的合作的行為。對此，存在著一些解釋，比如個體出錯，將個體的合作行為看成是個體在非理性下的錯誤行為，還有一種解釋是個體存在著利他主義傾向。事實上，在集體行動中，個體的行為受到很多因素的影響，其中，個體的差異性是個重要的影響因素。個體的異質性有很多種表征，且與其他影響因素之間相互作用。異質性的研究主要通過模型和案例分析、可控試驗分析進行。結論很不統(tǒng)一，收入水平與供給水平之間存在著模糊的關系，但大致上，完全的搭便車與完全的合作供給均不能全面地解釋實際的情況。 本文試圖在一般的假定的模型下討論財富水平的異質性對個體供給行為的影響。主要的假定如下：在一定的財富約束下，個體擁有私人物品和集體物品兩種生產要素且兩種生產要素之間是互補的；生產函數是凹性的，邊際報酬遞減。 本文得到的主要結論是，在純公共物品的情況下，分配中性是成立的；在非純公共物品的情況下，異質性對供給的影響是雙方面的，既可能降低效率，，又可能達到帕累托占優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:The problem of public goods is mainly caused by the externality of public goods. According to the theory of rational choice, in the supply of public goods, individuals are easy to hitchhike. However, there is a successful governance of public resource communities, and individuals in the supply of public goods there are a lot of cooperative behavior. For this reason, there are some explanations, such as individual error, the cooperative behavior of the individual is regarded as the wrong behavior of the individual under the irrational condition, and the other explanation is that the individual has the tendency of altruism. In fact, in collective action, individual behavior is affected by many factors, among which individual difference is an important factor. Individual heterogeneity is characterized in many ways and interacts with other influencing factors. The research of heterogeneity is mainly carried out by model and case analysis and controlled test analysis. The conclusion is very inconsistent, and there is a vague relationship between income level and supply level, but generally speaking, both complete hitchhiking and complete cooperative supply can not fully explain the actual situation. This paper attempts to discuss the influence of the heterogeneity of wealth level on individual supply behavior under the general hypothetical model. The main assumptions are as follows: under certain wealth constraints, individuals own private goods and collective goods and the two factors of production complement each other; the production function is concave and the marginal returns decrease. The main conclusion of this paper is that in the case of pure public goods, distribution neutrality is true, and in the case of non-pure public goods, the influence of heterogeneity on supply is dual, which may not only reduce efficiency, but also reach Pareto dominance.
【學位授予單位】：南京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：F062.6;F224

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 胡彬;個體異質性對環(huán)境物品自愿供給的影響研究[D];中國地質大學;2007年

2 賈菁菁;共享資源使用收益對自發(fā)治理的影響[D];南京理工大學;2010年

本文編號：2387073