【摘要】： 在人類歷史的長(zhǎng)河中，哲學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)之間的聯(lián)系是密切和普遍的，其中方法論是架起二者聯(lián)系的橋梁之一。哲學(xué)作為“時(shí)代精神的精華”要關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，要為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)提供世界觀和方法論的指導(dǎo)，沒(méi)有哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)不是完整的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)；同理，經(jīng)濟(jì)也要為哲學(xué)提供豐富的養(yǎng)料，并通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)思想的形成和經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的建構(gòu)。哲學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)在方法論層面上的互動(dòng)與滲透促進(jìn)了兩大學(xué)科的共同發(fā)展。 19世紀(jì)中葉在資本主義社會(huì)誕生的科學(xué)主義思潮和人本主義思潮為西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論的形成、發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和當(dāng)代西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)都產(chǎn)生了廣泛和深刻的影響。特別是在以邏輯實(shí)證主義、證偽主義和歷史主義為代表的科學(xué)哲學(xué)的影響下，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的方法論已經(jīng)發(fā)展出一整套的分析框架與工具，基本特征是建立在“理性人”假設(shè)基礎(chǔ)上的公理化的實(shí)證的邏輯演繹方法，最突出的表現(xiàn)是數(shù)學(xué)在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的廣泛應(yīng)用，并正在向著更為精密與恢弘的體系演進(jìn)。本文認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)之所以被稱為“社會(huì)科學(xué)皇冠上的明珠”，歸根到底是因?yàn)檩^之其他社會(huì)學(xué)科，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)更徹底地在理論建構(gòu)和研究中貫徹了科學(xué)哲學(xué)對(duì)方法論的要求。但所有這些，都受到當(dāng)今經(jīng)濟(jì)世界的復(fù)雜性、不確定性和偶然性事件的撞擊和挑戰(zhàn)。盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是關(guān)于利益關(guān)系的討論，但卻是對(duì)人的利益關(guān)系的討論，因此，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家不能沒(méi)有人文關(guān)懷，不能沒(méi)有必要的社會(huì)責(zé)任感。思想史上但凡著名的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，都有自己執(zhí)著的經(jīng)濟(jì)哲學(xué)觀和對(duì)道德情操的特別強(qiáng)調(diào)。人本主義思潮以人為本的哲學(xué)思想、以非理性主義為特點(diǎn)的方法論同樣在西方主流和非主流經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論中得到回應(yīng)，并有進(jìn)一步影響西方主流經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論發(fā)展的傾向。當(dāng)代西方哲學(xué)向生活世界的回歸、科學(xué)哲學(xué)的非理性化、后現(xiàn)代主義思潮的興起，導(dǎo)致科學(xué)哲學(xué)與人本主義哲學(xué)在并立中融合，進(jìn)而影響西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論從“唯科學(xué)主義”的一元化方法向多元化邁進(jìn)，使經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論在具有理性的實(shí)證方法論的同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)人本精神，呼喚人文關(guān)懷。 諸多實(shí)證研究表明，現(xiàn)代西方兩大哲學(xué)思潮在實(shí)證主義批判、人本主義批判等方面，充分顯示出了其牽動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)范式革命的張力。因此，，筆者認(rèn)為理解經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論的途徑在于，運(yùn)用來(lái)源于哲學(xué)上的觀點(diǎn)、思維、方法，考察經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論的發(fā)展史�；谶@種認(rèn)識(shí)，本文主要通過(guò)分析西方兩大哲學(xué)思潮：科學(xué)主義思潮和人本主義思潮對(duì)西方各種經(jīng)濟(jì)思想理論、方法的形成和發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的影響和作用，來(lái)梳理西方兩大哲學(xué)思潮的變遷所引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論的變遷史，從而批判地吸收、借鑒西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究方法體系研究中 國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，椎進(jìn)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，為建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社 會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù)。
[Abstract]:In the long river of human history, the relationship between philosophy and economics is close and universal, in which methodology is one of the bridges that link the two. Philosophy, as the essence of the spirit of the times, should pay attention to economics and provide the guidance of world outlook and methodology for economics, and economics without philosophical basis is not a complete economics. In the same way, the economy should provide rich nourishment for philosophy, and promote the formation of economic thought and the construction of economic theory through economic methodology. The interaction and infiltration of philosophy and Economics on the methodology level promoted the common development of the two major disciplines.
In the middle of the nineteenth Century, the thought of scientism and humanism in the capitalist society had laid a solid philosophical foundation for the formation of western economic methodology, and had a wide and profound influence on the neoclassical economics and contemporary western economics, especially in the case of logical positivism, falsification and historical owners. Under the influence of the philosophy of science, the methodology of economics has developed a complete set of analytical framework and tools. The basic feature is the logical deduction method based on the hypothesis of "rational man", which is based on the hypothesis of "rational man". The most outstanding performance is the extensive application of Mathematics in economics and is becoming more precise and extensive. In the final analysis, the reason why economics is called "the Pearl of the crown of social science" is, in the final analysis, because it is more thorough in the theoretical construction and study of the requirements of methodology in theoretical construction and research than in other social disciplines. But all of these are complicated and uncertain in the current economic world. The impact and challenge of sexual and accidental events. Although economics is a discussion about the relationship of interest, it is a discussion of the relationship of people's interests. Therefore, economists can not have no humanistic care without the necessary sense of social responsibility. All the famous economists in the history of thought have their own persistent economic philosophy and moral sentiment. In particular, the philosophical thought of humanism based on humanism and the methodology characterized by non rationalism are also responded to in the western mainstream and non mainstream economic methodology, and have a further influence on the development of western mainstream economics methodology. The rationalization and the rise of postmodernism lead to the integration of philosophy of science and humanistic philosophy in the same way, and then influence the western economic methodology from the uniformed method of "Scientism" to pluralism, so that the economic methodology emphasizes human spirit and calls for humanistic care at the same time with rational empirical methodology.
A number of empirical studies have shown that the two major philosophical thoughts in the modern West have fully demonstrated their tension in the revolution of economic paradigm in the aspects of positivist criticism and humanism criticism. Therefore, the author believes that the way to understand the methodology of economics lies in the use of philosophical ideas, thinking, methods, and economic methodology. Based on this understanding, this article mainly analyzes the influence and effect of the two western philosophies of thought: the ideological trend of scientism and humanism on the formation and development of various western economic thought theories and methods, combing the history of the changes of economic methodology caused by the changes of the two western philosophies of thought, and thus criticizing it. Absorb and draw lessons from the research methodology system of western economics.
China's economic problems have entered into the further development of the methodology of Chinese economics for the purpose of building a society with Chinese characteristics.
To serve the market economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號(hào)】：F011

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