發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-21 14:17

【摘要】： 公共物品兩難一直當(dāng)代心理學(xué)研究的重要課題。先前大量的研究表明獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)能夠有效地提高個(gè)體在該情境中的合作以及信任水平。在實(shí)際的操作過(guò)程中,獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行形式可以有:金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、金錢(qián)懲罰、贊許以及批評(píng)等四種類型。然而隨著研究的深入,越來(lái)越多的研究者意識(shí)到獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)消極作用,特別是它對(duì)內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)的破壞作用。本研究采用Reeson和Tisdell(2004)的研究范式(包括三個(gè)獨(dú)立的階段:階段1不包含獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng),階段2設(shè)立獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng),階段3獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)撤除)重點(diǎn)探討?yīng)剳拖到y(tǒng)對(duì)個(gè)體合作行為的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)以及對(duì)他人由于內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)而合作的信任的破壞作用,同時(shí)比較各種獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)在該層面上的差異性。整個(gè)研究由兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)所組成,共有120名被試參與了實(shí)驗(yàn),其中實(shí)驗(yàn)1探討了在無(wú)回饋下限的公共物品情境中金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)(金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和金錢(qián)懲罰)對(duì)個(gè)體內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)和信任的消極作用,同時(shí)比較了金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)對(duì)不同社會(huì)價(jià)值導(dǎo)向的個(gè)體的合作行為和信任水平的影響差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)2重點(diǎn)探討了在有回饋下限的公共物品兩難情境中不同類型的社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)(贊許和批評(píng))對(duì)內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)和信任的消極作用,同時(shí)比較了它們與金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)之間的影響差異。研究得出了以下結(jié)論: (1)當(dāng)金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)撤除后,個(gè)體在第三階段的合作水平和信任水平顯著地低于第一階段。 (2)在金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)作用下,個(gè)體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)導(dǎo)向和親社會(huì)導(dǎo)向的被試在第二階段的合作水平和信任水平無(wú)差異。在撤銷(xiāo)金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)之后,兩類被試之間的差異不能恢復(fù)。 (3)相對(duì)于金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng),當(dāng)社會(huì)批評(píng)撤除后,個(gè)體在第三階段的合作水平和信任水平下降的程度較大。 (4)相對(duì)于無(wú)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)情境下,個(gè)體在獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)(包括金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)和社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng))情境下合作水平和信任水平較高。 (5)相對(duì)于金錢(qián)懲罰,個(gè)體在金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)情境下合作水平和信任水平較高。 (6)相對(duì)于社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng),個(gè)體在金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)懲系統(tǒng)情境下合作水平以及信任水平較高。 (7)相對(duì)于無(wú)回饋下限的公共物品兩難情境,個(gè)體在有回饋下限的情境中合作水平和信任水平較高。
[Abstract]:The public goods dilemma has been an important subject of contemporary psychological research. A large number of previous studies have shown that rewards and punishment systems can effectively improve the individual's cooperation and trust in this situation. In the actual operation, the execution forms of rewards and punishment system can include four types of reward and punishment system: money reward, monetary punishment, praise and criticism. With the deepening of the research, more and more researchers are aware of the negative role of the reward and punishment system, especially its destruction to internal motivation. This study adopts the research paradigm of Reeson and Tisdell (2004) (including three independent stages: Stage 1 does not include reward and punishment system, order 2 set up reward and punishment system, stage 3 reward and punishment system withdrawal). To discuss the intrinsic motivation of the reward and punishment system on individual cooperative behavior and the destruction of trust in the cooperation of others because of internal motivation, and to compare the differences of various rewards and punishment systems at this level. The whole study consists of two experiments and 120 subjects participated in the experiment, of which Experiment 1 explored public objects in the lower limit of feedback. The negative effects of monetary rewards and punishment system (monetary reward and monetary punishment) on individual intrinsic motivation and trust, and the difference in the influence of monetary reward and punishment system on the cooperative behavior and trust level of different social value oriented individuals. Experiment 2 focuses on the different classes in the public goods dilemma situation with the feedback lower limit. The negative effects of the social rewards and punishments system (praise and criticism) on internal motivation and trust, and the difference between them and money rewards and punishment systems.
(1) when the monetary reward and punishment system is removed, the level of cooperation and trust level of individuals in the third stage is significantly lower than that in the first stage.
(2) under the role of monetary reward and punishment system, there is no difference in the level of cooperation and trust between the individual competition oriented and the pro social oriented subjects in the second stage. After the revocation of the monetary reward and punishment system, the differences between the two types of subjects can not be recovered.
(3) relative to the money reward and punishment system, when the social criticism is removed, the level of cooperation and trust level of individuals in the third stage will decline.
(4) compared with the system without rewards and punishment, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in the situation of rewards and punishment system, including money reward and punishment system and social reward and punishment system.
(5) compared with money punishment, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in money reward situations.
(6) compared with the social reward and punishment system, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in the context of money reward and punishment system.
(7) compared to the public goods dilemma scenario with no feedback lower limit, individuals have higher level of cooperation and trust in situations where there is a lower feedback limit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：F224;F062.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李明;公共服務(wù)動(dòng)機(jī)的擴(kuò)展研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 武艷英;社會(huì)兩難情景下自我效能感、反饋與獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)合作行為的影響研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué);2010年

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本文編號(hào)：2135796