經(jīng)濟體制轉(zhuǎn)軌時期中國產(chǎn)業(yè)集群研究
本文選題:區(qū)域創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 經(jīng)濟體制轉(zhuǎn)軌; 參考:《福建師范大學》2003年博士論文
【摘要】: 具有空間集聚特征、靈活專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)特征、合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征、社會文化特征、自我增強特征、內(nèi)部整合與外部鏈合特征的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群,既是一種介于純市場和等級制之間新的空間產(chǎn)業(yè)組織形式,也是一種具有生物群落特征的產(chǎn)業(yè)種群或企業(yè)發(fā)展生態(tài)系統(tǒng),更是一種區(qū)域創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因其建立在區(qū)域分工和協(xié)作基礎(chǔ)上的資源獲取優(yōu)勢、市場效率優(yōu)勢、創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)優(yōu)勢和擴張優(yōu)勢,產(chǎn)業(yè)集群有利地促進了中國沿海地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟增長。 基于中國改革開放寬松的政治經(jīng)濟背景和從計劃經(jīng)濟體制向市場經(jīng)濟體制轉(zhuǎn)軌的制度環(huán)境,中國產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的起源和發(fā)展與區(qū)域優(yōu)勢的動態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化息息相關(guān)。浙江依托本地區(qū)獨特的區(qū)域性商業(yè)文化積淀和傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)特定性要素的凝結(jié),憑借民間微觀經(jīng)濟主體的自發(fā)創(chuàng)新與地方政府柔性化經(jīng)濟行為的默契配合,較早地選擇了明晰的產(chǎn)權(quán)制度和區(qū)域性的專業(yè)市場等有效率的經(jīng)濟組織,,并在內(nèi)源性民間資本積累的推動下,獲得相對全國其他地區(qū)的“體制落差”優(yōu)勢,催生了內(nèi)生式傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群;廣東則依靠優(yōu)越的地理位置和人文優(yōu)勢,以優(yōu)惠的投資政策、豐富的土地資源和充足的廉價勞動力與跨國企業(yè)的技術(shù)、管理等優(yōu)勢鏈合,在發(fā)展型地方政府、“游擊隊企業(yè)家”、創(chuàng)造性效仿者和港臺及外國中間貿(mào)易商的企業(yè)家協(xié)調(diào)機制作用下,崛起了外商投資企業(yè)集群;而北京中關(guān)村在對其得天獨厚的首都區(qū)位優(yōu)勢、人力資源和智力密集優(yōu)勢、企業(yè)衍生及集聚優(yōu)勢、創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)文化優(yōu)勢的有機整合后,興起了高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。 產(chǎn)業(yè)集群形成后的階段性演進包括集群內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)沿時間的縱向進化與成長以及集群向外部空間的橫向延伸與擴展。前者因產(chǎn)業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、動力機制、競爭優(yōu)勢、經(jīng)濟績效四個方面的不同特征可以分為發(fā)生、發(fā)展和成熟三個階段,后者主要有兩種方式:集群在其鄰近地區(qū)的外部空間運動形成集群群與邊緣產(chǎn)業(yè)集群;集群沿著產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈向高端環(huán)節(jié)或低端環(huán)節(jié)進行產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,跨區(qū)延伸成超越本地范圍的集群鏈。中國目前在發(fā)展集群經(jīng)濟過程中存在的主要問題是:“集聚非集群化”和“集群不經(jīng)濟”現(xiàn)象以及如何提升現(xiàn)有集群的發(fā)展水平和層次,“促進關(guān)聯(lián)”、加強區(qū)域信譽建設(shè)與適時實現(xiàn)“集群轉(zhuǎn)換”、構(gòu)筑“提升集群層次的三維度原則”有助于上述問題的解決。
[Abstract]:Industrial clusters with the characteristics of spatial agglomeration, flexible and specialized production, cooperative network, social and cultural characteristics, self-enhancement, internal integration and external chaining. It is not only a new form of spatial industrial organization between pure market and hierarchical system, but also a kind of industrial population or enterprise developing ecosystem with the characteristics of biota, and it is also a kind of regional innovation network. Because of the advantages of resource acquisition, market efficiency, innovation and entrepreneurship, and expansion based on regional division of labor and cooperation, industrial clusters have promoted the economic growth of China's coastal areas. Based on the loose political and economic background of China's reform and opening up and the institutional environment of transition from planned economy system to market economy system, the origin and development of China's industrial clusters are closely related to the dynamic transformation of regional advantages. Zhejiang relies on the unique accumulation of regional commercial culture and the condensation of specific elements of traditional industry in this region, and relies on the spontaneous innovation of the folk microeconomic subject and the tacit cooperation of the flexible economic behavior of the local government. In the early days, he chose some efficient economic organizations, such as clear property rights system and regional professional market, and gained the advantage of "institutional gap" compared with other regions of the country, promoted by the accumulation of endogenous private capital. It gave birth to endogenetic traditional industrial clusters. Guangdong, on the other hand, relied on its superior geographical location and cultural advantages to combine advantages such as preferential investment policies, abundant land resources and abundant cheap labour with the technology and management of multinational enterprises. Under the coordination mechanism of local governments, guerrilla entrepreneurs, creative imitators and entrepreneurs from Hong Kong, Taiwan and foreign countries, the cluster of foreign-invested enterprises has emerged. In Beijing Zhongguancun has developed a high-tech industrial cluster after the organic integration of its unique capital location advantages human resources and intelligence intensive advantages of enterprise derivation and agglomeration and innovation and entrepreneurial culture advantages. The gradual evolution of industrial clusters after the formation of industrial clusters includes the vertical evolution and growth of the cluster internal systems along the time and the horizontal extension and expansion of the cluster to the outer space. The former can be divided into three stages of occurrence, development and maturity due to the four different characteristics of industrial network, power mechanism, competitive advantage and economic performance. There are two main ways of the latter: cluster and marginal industrial cluster are formed by the outer spatial movement of the cluster in its adjacent areas, and the industrial transfer is carried out along the industrial chain to the high-end or low-end links. The span extends beyond the local cluster chain. The main problems in the development of cluster economy in China are as follows: "agglomeration non-cluster" and "cluster diseconomy" and how to improve the development level and level of existing clusters, and "promote association". It is helpful to solve the above problems to strengthen the construction of regional reputation, to realize the "cluster transformation" in time, and to construct the "three dimensional principle to enhance the level of cluster".
【學位授予單位】:福建師范大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2003
【分類號】:F062.9
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