本文選題：社會(huì) + 資本�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：社會(huì)資本理論是近年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)學(xué)理論研究中的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，是聯(lián)系社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)與社會(huì)行動(dòng)的重要概念，是將宏觀與微觀、個(gè)人與社會(huì)聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)的重要理論視角，觸及了社會(huì)學(xué)理論的核心問(wèn)題，并且在理論意義上促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與社會(huì)學(xué)的對(duì)話與交流。 為了回應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)帝國(guó)主義傾向，并與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)展開(kāi)廣泛對(duì)話，社會(huì)資本理論將其理論基礎(chǔ)奠定在理性選擇理論的基礎(chǔ)上，強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)資本的工具理性基礎(chǔ)，即行動(dòng)者通過(guò)調(diào)動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)自身或組織利益的最大化。社會(huì)資本作為資本的一種形式，確實(shí)能在投資過(guò)程中帶來(lái)收益，這是資本的共同屬性，但卻不是把社會(huì)資本與其它資本類型（如經(jīng)濟(jì)資本、人力資本、文化資本）相區(qū)別的根本屬性。社會(huì)資本與其它資本類型相區(qū)別的本質(zhì)屬性是它的關(guān)系取向，行動(dòng)者是關(guān)系中的個(gè)人，所調(diào)動(dòng)的資源也是嵌入在關(guān)系中的資源，而作為人與人的關(guān)系本身，不可能僅僅是工具理性取向的，其中一定蘊(yùn)含豐富的感性過(guò)程，并且后者才是關(guān)系得以維持和擴(kuò)展的基礎(chǔ)，就是資本屬性往往也是要嵌入在互動(dòng)的感性結(jié)構(gòu)中才能發(fā)揮作用的。 全文共分四個(gè)部分，在對(duì)資本理論、感性和理性概念的考察基礎(chǔ)上展開(kāi)對(duì)社會(huì)資本感性基礎(chǔ)的論證，最終揭示了研究社會(huì)資本感性基礎(chǔ)的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。具體如下： 一、對(duì)資本理論進(jìn)行了考察與回顧，揭示出建立在理性選擇基礎(chǔ)上的社會(huì)資本理論的超越與局限 社會(huì)資本理論豐富了資本理論，，將資本的形式從物化資本、人力資本、文化資本擴(kuò)展到一種嵌入到社會(huì)關(guān)系之中的資本形式，擴(kuò)展了資本理論的視角，肯定了社會(huì)資本作為資本的一種形式能夠通過(guò)投資過(guò)程使行動(dòng)者（個(gè)人和集體）獲益。 WP=46 局限在于社會(huì)資本概念層次的混亂（個(gè)體水平和集體水平）以及對(duì)社會(huì)資本工具理性取向的特殊強(qiáng)調(diào)，即投資——收益模式。過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)了社會(huì)資本的生產(chǎn)性功能，忽視了其之所以存在的感性基礎(chǔ)。 二、感性、理性與合理性 這種對(duì)功利取向的偏重源于建立在理性選擇基礎(chǔ)上的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)帝國(guó)主義對(duì)理性概念的擴(kuò)展。社會(huì)學(xué)對(duì)此做出了一定的回應(yīng)，但結(jié)果只是限定而非批判，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)工具理性做了種種限定的新經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)學(xué)理論并沒(méi)有展開(kāi)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論前提的批判與反思，而是在一定程度上擴(kuò)展了理性選擇理論的解釋力。擴(kuò)大了理性與效益的概念，把經(jīng)濟(jì)人的理性擴(kuò)大為理性人的理性，把經(jīng)濟(jì)行為追求的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益擴(kuò)大為各種社會(huì)行動(dòng)中都存在且有不同內(nèi)容和形式的廣義的效益。 而實(shí)際上面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)豐富的感性世界，理性不是唯一支配人的行為的意識(shí)活動(dòng)，相反感性認(rèn)識(shí)是理性認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。人類以其軀體活動(dòng)展開(kāi)的直接存在或?qū)嵺`行為是一種可視性的感性結(jié)構(gòu)，并且這種感性結(jié)構(gòu)賦予了感性不同于理性的獨(dú)特的選擇和判斷能力，那是一種人類通過(guò)對(duì)具體事物的時(shí)空形式的感受、體驗(yàn)和理解，經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的歷史，在心理積淀而形成的一種與現(xiàn)實(shí)的時(shí)空形式相對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)踐感，并將這種具體的時(shí)空感受映射為一種心身圖式，形成了在特定情境下能做出特定行動(dòng)的慣習(xí)，它使人可以在實(shí)踐的緊迫性中，不假思索的做出“無(wú)目的的合目的性”判斷與選擇。而且感性是人類生命的本質(zhì)，工具理性不斷的吞噬人的感性世界，將人的世界功利化、甚至物化，感性則重申人類生命的本質(zhì)，展現(xiàn)一個(gè)充滿意義與情感的生活世界，使情感和意義得到表達(dá)。 三、社會(huì)資本的感性基礎(chǔ) 在這部分，筆者首先對(duì)社會(huì)資本的關(guān)系屬性進(jìn)行了集中的考察：關(guān)系的主體人是完整的生命體，有著對(duì)感性和理性的雙重訴求；理性無(wú)疑是追求和實(shí)現(xiàn)既定目標(biāo)的有力手段，但它不是唯一重要的手段，在日常 WP=47 生活中人們大量使用的是從以往實(shí)踐中得到的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行的感性選擇，而不是邏輯思維的理性思考，更不是利益最大化的工具理性行為。 關(guān)系的形成依賴于互動(dòng)過(guò)程，通過(guò)對(duì)小群體互動(dòng)研究的文獻(xiàn)考察可以肯定關(guān)系本身是在人與人互動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，而在互動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)上形成的關(guān)系不可能只是為了私利而建構(gòu)的工具性關(guān)系，更多的則是在互動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的有情感涉入的表達(dá)性關(guān)系，而且只有后者才可能是一種穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。關(guān)系的工具性價(jià)值只是這種關(guān)系達(dá)成后的副產(chǎn)品，并且互動(dòng)本身展開(kāi)的就是一個(gè)豐富的感性過(guò)程。關(guān)系的維續(xù)更是要建立在情感與溝通的基礎(chǔ)上，關(guān)系的強(qiáng)度實(shí)質(zhì)上也是一個(gè)情感的變化過(guò)程。 其次，考察了社會(huì)資本的不同層次及其感性基礎(chǔ)。 在具體的微觀層面，社會(huì)資本是由行動(dòng)者、聯(lián)結(jié)行動(dòng)者的關(guān)系，和蘊(yùn)含在關(guān)系中的資源構(gòu)成的，構(gòu)成社會(huì)資本的每一要素都不是如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理性選擇理論所說(shuō)的建立在工具理性的基礎(chǔ)之上，相反是一種理性與感性的共同建構(gòu)，并且正在實(shí)現(xiàn)一種感性的回歸。 群體層面的社會(huì)資本研究，則更強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種感性結(jié)構(gòu)的重要意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)資本的感性基礎(chǔ)對(duì)于社區(qū)、社會(huì)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展以及公民民主和公共領(lǐng)域的形成的重要意義。 最后，以三個(gè)個(gè)案展開(kāi)對(duì)社會(huì)資本感性基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)考察，從日常生活中社會(huì)資本的實(shí)際運(yùn)作過(guò)程揭示社會(huì)資本的建立、維續(xù)及資本屬性的發(fā)揮所依賴的感性結(jié)構(gòu)。 四、揭示研究社會(huì)資本的感性基礎(chǔ)的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 研究社會(huì)資本的感性基礎(chǔ)，不等于排斥社會(huì)資本作為資本的一種形式有利于行動(dòng)者實(shí)現(xiàn)其利益最大化的工具理性行為的功能屬性，
[Abstract]:The theory of social capital is a hot issue in the theoretical research of economic sociology in recent years. It is an important concept linking social structure and social action. It is an important theoretical angle of view that combines macro and micro, individual and society. It has touched the core of the theory of sociology, and promoted the theory of economics and sociology in theory. Talk and exchange.
In response to the tendency of economic imperialism and extensive dialogues with economics, social capital theory lays its theoretical foundation on the basis of rational choice theory and emphasizes the instrumental rationale of social capital, that is, the actors maximize their own or organizational interests by mobilizing resources in the network. Social capital is the capital. It is a common attribute of capital, but it is not the fundamental attribute of social capital and other capital types (such as economic capital, human capital, cultural capital). The essential attribute of social capital and other capital types is its relationship orientation, and the actor is the relationship. The resource in which the individual is transferred is also a resource embedded in the relationship. As the relationship itself, it is impossible only to be a tool of rational orientation, which must contain a rich perceptual process, and the latter is the basis for the maintenance and expansion of the relationship, and the attribute is often embedded in the perceptual structure of the interaction. To play a role.
The full text is divided into four parts. On the basis of the investigation of the theory of capital, the perceptual and rational concepts, the argument of the perceptual foundation of social capital is carried out, and the theoretical and practical significance of the research on the foundation of social capital is revealed.
First, the capital theory is reviewed and reviewed, revealing the transcendence and limitations of social capital theory based on rational choice.
The theory of social capital enriches the capital theory, extends the form of capital from materialized capital, human capital and cultural capital to a form of capital embedded in social relations, expands the perspective of capital theory, and affirms that social capital can benefit the actors (individuals and collectives) through the investment process as a form of capital.
WP=46
The limitation lies in the confusion of the conceptual level of social capital (individual level and collective level) and the special emphasis on the rational orientation of social capital tools, namely, investment income model, which overemphasizes the productive function of social capital and ignores the perceptual basis of its existence.
Two, sensibility, rationality and rationality
The emphasis on utilitarian orientation is derived from the expansion of economic imperialism based on rational choice. Sociology has made a certain response to it, but the result is only limited rather than critical. The new economic sociology theory, which is limited to economic tool rationality, does not start the premise of economic theory. Criticism and reflection, to a certain extent, expanded the explanatory power of the rational choice theory, expanded the concept of rationality and benefit, expanded the rationality of the economic man into rational man's rationality, and expanded the economic benefit of economic behavior into a broad sense of different content and form in all kinds of social actions.
In fact, we can find a rich perceptual world in the face of real life. Reason is not the only conscious activity that dominates human behavior. On the contrary, the perceptual knowledge is the basis of rational cognition. The direct existence or practice of human being with its physical activity is a sense structure of visibility, and this perceptual structure gives sensibility. Different from the unique choice and judgment of reason, it is a kind of sense of practice that human beings feel, experience and understand through the time and space form of the specific things, through a long history, a kind of practical sense of practice corresponding to the realistic spatio-temporal form formed in the accumulation of psychology, and mapping this kind of space-time feeling into a psychosomatic schema. The habit of making specific actions in a particular situation makes it possible to make the judgment and choice of "purposeful and purposeful" without thinking in the urgency of practice, and the sensibility is the essence of human life, the instrumental reason constantly engulf the human perceptual world, the utilitarian, even materialized, and the sensibility reaffirms the human world. The essence of life is to show a meaningful and emotional life world, so that emotion and meaning can be expressed.
Three, the perceptual basis of social capital
In this part, the author first focuses on the relationship property of social capital: the main body of the relationship is a complete life body, with a dual appeal to sensibility and rationality, and reason is no doubt a powerful means to pursue and realize the established goal, but it is not the only important means, in the daily life.
WP=47
In life, people use a lot of perceptual choice from the successful experience gained from the past practice, not the rational thinking of logical thinking, but not the instrumental rational behavior of the maximization of the interests.
The formation of the relationship is dependent on the interaction process. Through the literature review of the interaction study of the small groups, the relationship itself is formed on the basis of the interaction between people and people, and the relationship formed on the basis of interaction can not be only a tool relationship for the sake of private interest, and more of which is formed on the basis of interaction. The expression relationship, and only the latter, may be a stable relationship. The instrumental value of the relationship is only a by-product after the relationship is reached, and the interaction itself is a rich perceptual process. The continuity of the relationship is based on the emotion and communication, and the intensity of the relationship is also an emotion in essence. The changing process of feeling.
Secondly, we examine the different levels of social capital and its perceptual foundation.
At the specific micro level, social capital is composed of the actors, the relationship of the actors, and the resources contained in the relationship. Every element of social capital is not based on the rationalism of instrumental rationality, but on the contrary, it is a common construction of rationality and sensibility. There is a sensual return.
The study of social capital at the group level emphasizes the significance of this perceptual structure, emphasizing the significance of the perceptual foundation of social capital to the coordinated development of community and society, as well as the formation of civil democracy and the public domain.
Finally, the empirical study of the social capital perceptual basis is carried out in three cases, from the actual operation process of social capital in daily life to reveal the establishment of social capital, the continuity and the dependence of the capital attributes on the perceptual structure.
Four, it reveals the theoretical and practical significance of studying the perceptual foundation of social capital.
The study of the perceptual basis of social capital is not equal to the functional attribute of the tool rational behavior that excludes social capital as a form of capital, which is beneficial to the actors to maximize their interests.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：F091

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 楊月如;社會(huì)哲學(xué)視野中的中國(guó)社會(huì)資本研究[D];中共中央黨校;2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 崔欣;中國(guó)草根非政府組織發(fā)展中社會(huì)資本的匱乏[D];中央民族大學(xué);2007年

2 呂凱;社會(huì)資本理論的應(yīng)用價(jià)值及其局限性分析[D];東北師范大學(xué);2007年

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