本文選題：排污權(quán)交易機(jī)制 + 循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)��； 參考：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來，伴隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展水平的不斷提高，由此而帶來的環(huán)境問題也日益嚴(yán)峻，成為制約經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸之一。建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型和環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)，已經(jīng)成為我國繼續(xù)保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)，也是關(guān)系到民生和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的重大戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)。然而長(zhǎng)期以來，我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)能源消耗和污染物排放的依賴性較大，工業(yè)化水平仍然處于“高消耗、高污染、低回報(bào)”的水平，這大大制約了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)作為一種全新的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和環(huán)境保護(hù)，能夠有效的促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。大力推行循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，在生產(chǎn)、流通、消費(fèi)過程實(shí)現(xiàn)“減量化、再利用、資源化”的宗旨，已是我國大力推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的重要要求。排污權(quán)交易機(jī)制作為一種以排污權(quán)為工具的環(huán)境治理機(jī)制，通過市場(chǎng)化的分 配和交易，能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)排污權(quán)在現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平下的真實(shí)價(jià)值，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)排污權(quán)的高效率的利用和全社會(huì)環(huán)境福利的最大化。而交易機(jī)制帶來的產(chǎn)業(yè)成本的變化，以及政府對(duì)實(shí)施減排和清潔生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的激勵(lì)措施，能夠有效推進(jìn)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)，達(dá)到區(qū)域環(huán)境容量控制目標(biāo)。由于存在地區(qū)環(huán)境特點(diǎn)、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平等方面的差異，不同區(qū)域的排污權(quán)交易機(jī)制設(shè)計(jì)要注重結(jié)合地區(qū)的實(shí)際。本文首先分別對(duì)排污權(quán)交易和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行了相關(guān)介紹和理論綜述；其次， 結(jié)合國內(nèi)外實(shí)踐對(duì)排污權(quán)市場(chǎng)的基本要素進(jìn)行確定，引入?yún)^(qū)域污染效率和單位污染平均治理成本概念，為下文的交易模型建立奠定了基礎(chǔ)；然后，結(jié)合實(shí)行排污權(quán)交易機(jī)制初期的市場(chǎng)特點(diǎn)，對(duì)排污權(quán)交易價(jià)格進(jìn)行基于購買量的階梯式政府主導(dǎo)定價(jià)，以生產(chǎn)同質(zhì)商品的某排污行業(yè)為整體研究對(duì)象，選取監(jiān)管成本作為衡量排污權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)成熟度的因子，建立環(huán)境成本、行業(yè)總收益和總成本的數(shù)學(xué)模型，，對(duì)不同時(shí)期的排污權(quán)交易機(jī)制進(jìn)行合理性分析。最后，提出本文的結(jié)論，并從參與排污權(quán)交易雙方的角度，給出各自的政策建議，并指出本文的研究不足和下一步的研究方向。以循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論為依托，政府主導(dǎo)推行排污權(quán)交易機(jī)制，排污企業(yè)在變化的 成本、收益和政府激勵(lì)之間選取適合自身的發(fā)展方式，為建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型和環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)提供了一種新的思路。通過對(duì)理論研究的深入和對(duì)交易機(jī)制的不斷優(yōu)化，從而促進(jìn)政府、企業(yè)和環(huán)境三方的共贏式發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the continuous improvement of the level of economic and social development in China, the resulting environmental problems are becoming increasingly severe, which has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the sustainable development of economy.Building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society has become an important foundation for our country to maintain steady and rapid economic development. It is also a major strategic task related to people's livelihood and social stability.However, for a long time, China's economic development has been heavily dependent on energy consumption and pollutant emissions, and the industrialization level is still at the level of "high consumption, high pollution and low return".This has greatly restricted the healthy and sustainable development of our economy.As a new economic model, circular economy mainly emphasizes economic growth and environmental protection, which can effectively promote industrial upgrading and technological innovation.It is an important requirement for our country to vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization by vigorously promoting circular economy and realizing the aim of "reducing, reusing and utilizing resources" in the process of production, circulation and consumption.As a kind of environmental governance mechanism with emission rights as a tool, the trading mechanism of emission rights is divided by marketization.By matching and trading, the real value of emission rights can be found under the current economic development level, so as to realize the efficient utilization of emission rights and the maximization of social environmental welfare.The change of industrial cost brought by the trading mechanism and the incentive measures of the government to implement emission reduction and cleaner production enterprises can effectively promote the industrial upgrading of enterprises and achieve the goal of regional environmental capacity control.Due to the differences of regional environmental characteristics, regional economic development planning and economic development level, the design of emission trading mechanism in different regions should be combined with the reality of the region.Firstly, this paper introduces the emission trading and circular economy respectively. Secondly, it summarizes the theory of emission trading and circular economy.Combined with domestic and foreign practice, the basic elements of emission rights market are determined, and the concepts of regional pollution efficiency and average control cost per unit pollution are introduced, which lays the foundation for the following trading model.Combined with the market characteristics of the initial stage of the emission trading mechanism, the price of emission trading is determined by a step government leading pricing based on the purchase quantity, and the whole research object is a pollutant discharge industry that produces homogeneous commodities.This paper selects the supervision cost as the factor to measure the maturity of emission trading market, establishes the mathematical model of environmental cost, industry total income and total cost, and analyzes the rationality of emission trading mechanism in different periods.Finally, the conclusion of this paper is put forward, and from the perspective of both parties involved in emission trading, their respective policy suggestions are given, and the lack of research in this paper and the next research direction are pointed out.Depending on the theory of circular economy, the government is leading the implementation of the emission trading mechanism.The selection of suitable development mode between cost, income and government incentive provides a new way of thinking for the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society.Through the deepening of theoretical research and the continuous optimization of trading mechanism, the win-win development of government, enterprise and environment can be promoted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X196;F205

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