本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城市生活垃圾處置 減量化資源化無害化 綠色投入產(chǎn)出核算 體系 循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì) 政策評價(jià)　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2004年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，城市化進(jìn)程的加快，人民生活水平的提高，城市生活垃圾的產(chǎn)生量快速增加，城市生活垃圾對市容環(huán)境和生態(tài)環(huán)境的污染日趨嚴(yán)重，成為阻礙中國經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的障礙之一，已引起了全社會(huì)的關(guān)注。 早期的城市規(guī)模小，，城市生活垃圾產(chǎn)量低，垃圾成分簡單，垃圾成分中以灰土、菜葉等有機(jī)物為主，在自然條件下容易被環(huán)境消納，盡管當(dāng)時(shí)的處置手段簡單，但城市生活垃圾對環(huán)境的危害并不明顯。隨著城市人口劇增，生活質(zhì)量的提高，城市生活垃圾的產(chǎn)量及垃圾成分變得復(fù)雜，在垃圾中的無機(jī)物成分及有毒有害殘留物增多，這就給城市生活垃圾的收集、分類、運(yùn)輸、處置增添了難度。處置技術(shù)選用不當(dāng)會(huì)造成影響城市景觀、占用土地、污染土壤及地下水資源、影響空氣質(zhì)量、傳播疾病影響居民健康，這一問題已引起了世界各國的高度關(guān)注。正如聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計(jì)劃署、聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署、世界資源研究所在1998年世界資源報(bào)告中指出：城市生活垃圾是21世紀(jì)最重要的環(huán)境問題，城市生活垃圾處置是21世紀(jì)最有前景的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。城市生活垃圾處置水平已經(jīng)成為衡量一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)城市文明程度以及城市管理者的環(huán)境意識和城市都市化、現(xiàn)代化程度的重要標(biāo)志。 過去中國城市生活垃圾處置一直沿用計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期的政府負(fù)責(zé)處置，政府承擔(dān)處置費(fèi)用的管理機(jī)制。這樣在城市生活垃圾處置設(shè)施的選擇中往往考慮保護(hù)環(huán)境符合環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的因素較多，而忽視垃圾處置成本費(fèi)用最低，市場利潤最大的因素，嚴(yán)重背離了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行管理規(guī)律，隨著垃圾產(chǎn)生量的逐年增長，政府財(cái)政難以承擔(dān)過高的處置費(fèi)用，使一個(gè)新型的朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)走進(jìn)了惡性循環(huán)的怪圈。 本文綜合應(yīng)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略學(xué)、環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、國民經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)、政策學(xué)的原理對城市生活垃圾處置作經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析。整個(gè)工作基于現(xiàn)代邊際機(jī)會(huì)成本(Marginal Opportunity Cost, MOC)理論，應(yīng)用綠色投入產(chǎn)出核算理論方法，建立與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況較吻合的存量流量型資源—經(jīng)濟(jì)—環(huán)境一體化綠色投入產(chǎn)出經(jīng)濟(jì)分析模型。并引入國際上近年興起的生命周期評價(jià)(LCA)、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)(Circular Economy)及工業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)理論，結(jié)合中國經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)際，對相關(guān)應(yīng)用問題諸如：綠色稅費(fèi)—資源—能源—經(jīng)濟(jì)—環(huán)境綜合核算進(jìn)行深入分析，尋求以環(huán)境友好的方式利用自然資源和環(huán)境容量，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的生態(tài)化轉(zhuǎn)向；在城市生活垃圾處置中貫徹“減量 武漢理工大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文 化(Reducing)再使用(R冶璐ing)再循環(huán)(ReCycling)”為內(nèi)容的行為原則(稱 為3R原則)，使城市生活垃圾的反復(fù)利用和再生循環(huán)得到重視，實(shí)現(xiàn)在更廣 泛的社會(huì)范圍內(nèi)或在消費(fèi)過程中、消費(fèi)過程后層次上組織物質(zhì)和能源的循環(huán)， 進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展所要求的環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)雙贏。 城市生活垃圾處置的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策是中國環(huán)境政策的一個(gè)重要組成部分，本 文在上述研究基礎(chǔ)上，通過對現(xiàn)行的城市生活垃圾處置管理政策進(jìn)行分析， 利用價(jià)格、稅收、信貸、投資、微觀刺激和宏觀調(diào)節(jié)等經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿，提出了適 應(yīng)中國城市生活垃圾處置管理經(jīng)營社會(huì)化、企業(yè)化、市場化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化的綜合 管理經(jīng)濟(jì)政策體系，為政府決策提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Chinese economy, city urbanization, improving people's living standards, the rapid increase in production of the city garbage, the city's environment and the ecological environment of the city garbage pollution is becoming more and more serious, become an obstacle to the sustainable development of Chinese economy one of the obstacles, has attracted the attention of the whole society.
The early city small city garbage output low, garbage composition is simple, the composition of the garbage to dust, leaves and other organic matter, under natural conditions can be environmental friendly even though the means of disposal, simple, but city life garbage harm to the environment is not obvious. With the increasing of city population, improve the quality of life the yield and composition of garbage, city garbage has become more complex, inorganic substances in the garbage and toxic residues, which give the city living garbage collection, transportation, disposal of classification, add difficult degree. The inappropriate treatment technology will affect the city landscape, the occupation of land, pollution of soil and groundwater resources, the effect of air the quality of the spread of the disease affecting the health of residents, which has attracted great attention of the world. As the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme and the world. The source pointed out that the Research Institute in 1998 the world resources report: city garbage is the most important environmental issues in twenty-first Century, city life garbage disposal is one of the most promising industries in twenty-first Century. City life garbage disposal level has become the measure of a country, a city civilization degree, the environmental awareness of city management and city urbanization, an important sign of the degree of modernization.
In the past Chinese city garbage disposal has been adopted in the planned economy period the government is responsible for the disposal of the management mechanism of government bear the costs of disposal. So in the city garbage disposal facilities in the choice often consider more factors to protect the environment to meet the environmental standards, while ignoring the garbage disposal of the minimum cost and maximum profit factors, a serious departure from the management the law of economic operation under the environment of market economy, with the amount of waste generated is increasing year by year, the government could not afford such a high treatment cost, make a new rising industry into a vicious cycle.
This comprehensive application of economics, sustainable development strategy, environmental economics, technical economics, industrial economics, economic management, economics analysis principle policy study on city life garbage disposal. On the basis of modem cost (Marginal Opportunity Cost, MOC) theory, the application of green input-output accounting theory, establish more consistent with the reality of the resources economy environment integration green input-output economic analysis model. And the concept of life cycle assessment (LCA), circular economy (Circular Economy) and the theory of industrial ecology, combined with the actual application of China economy, related issues such as: green tax - resources - energy - economy environmental accounting comprehensive in-depth analysis, seeking to use the natural resources and environmental capacity in an environmentally friendly way to achieve the The ecological transformation of economic activities and the implementation of "reduction" in the disposal of municipal solid waste.
Ph.D Dissertation of Wuhan University of Technology
The behavior principle of (Reducing) reuse (R smelt ing) recirculation (ReCycling) as content
For the 3R principle, the repeated utilization and recycling of municipal solid waste have been paid more attention to, and it is realized more widely.
In a broad society or in the consumption process, the circulation of material and energy is organized at the level of consumption after the consumption process.
To achieve a sustainable development, the environment and the economy are required to win a win-win situation.
The economic policy of municipal solid waste disposal is an important part of China's environmental policy, which is an important part of China's environmental policy.
On the basis of the above research, the article analyzes the current management policy of municipal solid waste disposal.
The economic leverage, such as price, tax, credit, investment, micro stimulation and macro adjustment, has been put forward.
The management and management of municipal solid waste in China should be socialized, commercialized, marketed and industrialized.
The management of the economic policy system provides the basis for government decision-making.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：F069.9

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 古雪;;戶口和房子都不能少[J];中國社會(huì)保障;2011年06期

2 潘如丹;;偉星管道連通美好城市生活[J];質(zhì)量與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;2011年08期

3 ;信息無處不在 移動(dòng)改變生活 “無線城市”:引領(lǐng)信息生活[J];商周刊;2011年14期

4 喻鵬;;綠里奇跡——京城親近自然的6大綠色生活居所[J];安家;2011年06期

5 羅東;;“數(shù)碼版”揚(yáng)州[J];21世紀(jì)商業(yè)評論;2011年08期

6 明媚;;毛竹晨:為了夢圓那一刻[J];留學(xué)生;2010年05期

7 段先念;;文化產(chǎn)業(yè)化:遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)性利用的必然之路[J];建筑與文化;2011年07期

8 溫永明;;山西大水網(wǎng)重點(diǎn)工程建設(shè)圖片報(bào)道之一——松塔水電站建設(shè)剪影[J];山西水利;2011年05期

9 葉凱;;無線城市力助“智慧上�！苯ㄔO(shè)[J];中國電信業(yè);2011年07期

10 丁丁;劉珊琳;;長三角城市群,讓世博園沒有圍墻[J];長三角;2010年Z1期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 ;《山西省城市生活垃圾焚燒發(fā)電可行性研究》課題評審會(huì)議在京召開[A];中國生產(chǎn)力學(xué)會(huì)第十五屆年會(huì)專輯[C];2009年

2 俞e

本文編號：1531228