發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-28 22:52

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 信用 交易擴(kuò)展 制度 組織 合作均衡　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2004年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人類(lèi)的交易是基于信用的交易，信用的范圍也就制約了人類(lèi)交易的范圍。人類(lèi)的理性會(huì)在博弈中形成一系列旨在擴(kuò)大人類(lèi)的信用范圍的制度和組織，并進(jìn)而擴(kuò)展交易范圍。因此，人類(lèi)交易擴(kuò)展的過(guò)程是一個(gè)信用擴(kuò)展的過(guò)程。但是，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)信用問(wèn)題一直未進(jìn)入主流經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究。隨著信息經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、博弈論、新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和演化經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的興起，關(guān)于不對(duì)稱(chēng)信息條件下交易者相互誠(chéng)實(shí)合作機(jī)制的形成問(wèn)題開(kāi)始得到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的廣泛關(guān)注，并取得可觀(guān)成果。本文正是運(yùn)用這些成果，從制度與組織的視角討論交易擴(kuò)展過(guò)程中的信用形成機(jī)制。 本文將信用理解成交易主體共同合作的預(yù)期及合作策略均衡。而保證交易信用的制度和組織正是博弈策略均衡的體現(xiàn)。人類(lèi)所有的交易可最為基本的區(qū)分為四個(gè)擴(kuò)展層次，交易前提、代際交易、熟人社會(huì)交易、匿名社會(huì)交易。 財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利是所有交易的前提。財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利的相互認(rèn)可和尊重是信用的結(jié)果，其信用均衡成立的條件包括占有成為共同知識(shí)、有足夠比例的針對(duì)失信者的懲罰策略個(gè)體以及對(duì)信用秩序享受的搭便車(chē)行為必須控制在足夠低的水平。 代際交易是維系人類(lèi)繁衍重要保證，它的信用依賴(lài)于家庭這一制度安排。家庭尤其是核心家庭的主要功能之一是形成了有效的代際學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制，使得隔代約束成為可能，并因此確保了在自利條件下，代際投資信用均衡的形成。 熟人社會(huì)或者傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)交易的信用主要依賴(lài)于雙邊機(jī)制和多邊機(jī)制約束。雙邊機(jī)制約束下，，可識(shí)別的商號(hào)形成是其重要的條件。而行會(huì)和商團(tuán)出現(xiàn)則形成了有效運(yùn)作的多邊機(jī)制，并因而保證了行會(huì)和商團(tuán)內(nèi)部交易的信用。 匿名交易中的信用依賴(lài)于第三方權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)，其信用程度則依賴(lài)于這個(gè)權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的使用成本。而在充分的可選擇性條件下，權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的信用是可以得到保證的。在保證權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)信用的條件中，專(zhuān)制型權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的信用保障條件最苛刻，民主型權(quán)威次之，開(kāi)放型權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的信用保障條件最為簡(jiǎn)單。
[Abstract]:Human transaction is based on the trade of credit, and the scope of credit restricts the scope of human transaction. Human rationality will form a series of institutions and organizations aimed at expanding the scope of human credit in the game. Therefore, the process of human transaction expansion is a process of credit expansion. However, for a long time, the credit problem has not entered the mainstream of the study of economics. With the information economics, game theory. With the rise of new institutional economics and evolutionary economics, the formation of mutual honest cooperation mechanism of traders under asymmetric information has been widely concerned by economists. Using these achievements, this paper discusses the credit formation mechanism in the process of transaction expansion from the perspective of institution and organization. In this paper, credit is understood as the expectation of mutual cooperation of trading subjects and the equilibrium of cooperative strategy. The system and organization of ensuring trading credit are just the embodiment of game strategy equilibrium. All human transactions can be divided into four basic categories. Extend the hierarchy. Transaction premise, intergenerational transaction, acquaintance social transaction, anonymous social transaction. Property right is the premise of all transactions. Mutual recognition and respect of property rights is the result of credit. A sufficient proportion of penalty strategies for dishonest individuals and hitchhiking for credit order must be controlled at a sufficiently low level. Intergenerational transaction is an important guarantee to maintain human reproduction, and its credit depends on the institutional arrangement of family. One of the main functions of family, especially nuclear family, is to form an effective intergenerational learning mechanism. The intergenerational constraint makes it possible, and thus ensures the formation of intergenerational investment credit equilibrium under the condition of self-interest. The credit of acquaintance society or traditional social transaction mainly depends on bilateral mechanism and multilateral mechanism constraint. The formation of identifiable trade names is an important condition, and the emergence of guilds and business groups forms a multilateral mechanism for effective operation, and thus ensures the credit of intra-trade transactions between guilds and business groups. The credit in anonymous transaction depends on the third party authority, and its credit degree depends on the cost of using the authority. The credit of authoritative organizations can be guaranteed. In the condition of ensuring the credit of authoritative organizations, the credit guarantee conditions of autocratic authoritative institutions are the most harsh, followed by democratic authority. The credit guarantee condition of the open authority is the simplest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F014

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 楊興凱;政府組織間信息共享信任機(jī)制與測(cè)度方法研究[D];大連理工大學(xué);2011年

2 郭志光;電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下的信用機(jī)制研究[D];北京交通大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 張鈁;東亞新興債券市場(chǎng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問(wèn)題研究[D];上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院;2006年

2 張晨t$;企業(yè)規(guī)模、所有制形式與還貸行為的關(guān)系[D];南京理工大學(xué);2007年

本文編號(hào)：1471767