本文關(guān)鍵詞： 國際競爭力 企業(yè) 產(chǎn)業(yè) 國家　出處：《中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院》2001年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展,一些國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)受到了沉重打擊，而另外一些國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)則迅速 崛起。中國改革開放事業(yè)的發(fā)展，也使中國企業(yè)在國內(nèi)市場上和跨國公司開展“國際”競 爭。在這一大背景下，許多國家的學(xué)者、政府和企業(yè)均展開了國際競爭力問題的研究。 本論文剖析了各個學(xué)術(shù)流派對競爭力的不同定義，認(rèn)為競爭力應(yīng)當(dāng)定義為競爭主體在 爭奪競爭對象過程中所表現(xiàn)出來的力量。以這一定義為基礎(chǔ)，本論文從競爭主體、競爭對 象和競爭結(jié)果三個角度分別討論了國際競爭力的各種定義，說明了不同學(xué)者在國際競爭力 定義、評價理論和方法方面存在差異的主要原因，揭示了國際競爭力概念的本質(zhì)特征，為 建立統(tǒng)一的、包容不同學(xué)者觀點(diǎn)的國際競爭力評價理論和方法體系奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 本論文認(rèn)為，競爭力的本質(zhì)特征是競爭主體之間所存在的差距，這種差距可能是資源 上的、也可能是能力上的，還有可能是外部環(huán)境上的。從尋找競爭主體之間所存在的差距 及其原因入手，本論文在回顧比較優(yōu)勢理論、新貿(mào)易理論、波特的競爭優(yōu)勢理論解釋的基 礎(chǔ)上，提出了決定企業(yè)競爭力的9因素模型。這一模型能夠使本論文不受已形成理論的束 縛，可以在更廣闊地范圍內(nèi)探討競爭力的來源問題。 競爭主體之間存在的差距，最終要通過競爭結(jié)果反映出來。從對競爭結(jié)果的評價出 發(fā)，本論文提出了評價企業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)和國家三個層次國際競爭力的定量指標(biāo)體系。這些定量 指標(biāo)，，可以分為兩大類：一類以市場份額數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)的反映競爭潛力的指標(biāo)，一類是以盈 利能力為基礎(chǔ)的反映競爭實際水平或結(jié)果的指標(biāo)。在對這兩類指標(biāo)與國際競爭力關(guān)系的論 證基礎(chǔ)上，本論文分別提出了揭示兩大類指標(biāo)之間邏輯關(guān)系以及解釋這兩大類指標(biāo)內(nèi)部關(guān) 系的理論公式，并以這些理論公式為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行兩類指標(biāo)中具體指標(biāo)的計算方法、評價方法 和適用范圍的深入討論，進(jìn)而將不同學(xué)者從不同角度出發(fā)對國際競爭力的評價指標(biāo)和方法 統(tǒng)一到一個理論框架之內(nèi)。 在對以進(jìn)出口數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)的國際競爭力評價指標(biāo)如市場占有率、貿(mào)易競爭力指數(shù)、顯 示性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)、顯示性競爭優(yōu)勢指數(shù)、相對競爭力指數(shù)等的深入研究和討論之后發(fā) 現(xiàn)，這些指標(biāo)均有缺點(diǎn)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在進(jìn)行國際競爭力評價時要慎重使用。在對價格、成本、 生產(chǎn)率指標(biāo)評價國際競爭力的具體方法進(jìn)行了深入研究之后發(fā)現(xiàn)，以匯率來計算的這些指 標(biāo)使用起來比較方便，但沒有用購買力平價指標(biāo)來評價準(zhǔn)確。本論文還就部分指標(biāo)的評價 效果進(jìn)行了實質(zhì)分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)用用貿(mào)易競爭力指數(shù)進(jìn)行國際競爭力判斷不如顯示性比較優(yōu)勢 指數(shù)準(zhǔn)確，而用顯示性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)進(jìn)行判斷又不比顯示性競爭優(yōu)勢指數(shù)準(zhǔn)確。在生產(chǎn)率 指標(biāo)計算方面，分子和父母均使用價值量來計算要比分子父母均使用實物量或分子父母計 量單位不一致準(zhǔn)確。但不同的計算方法，會得出完全相反的結(jié)論�？傮w來看，使用貿(mào)易數(shù) 據(jù)來評價國際競爭力的準(zhǔn)確性不如使用盈利能力指標(biāo)。 在分析競爭主體之間產(chǎn)生差距的原因方面，或者說在尋求對競爭力來源的解釋方面， 本論文從竟?fàn)幜Q定因素入手，分別討論了企業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)和國家三個層次國際競爭力的決定 因素，井建立了確定竟?fàn)幜﹃P(guān)鍵決定因素的理論分析模型。在企業(yè)層次，本論文認(rèn)為可以 從產(chǎn)品類型、產(chǎn)業(yè)土命周期和市場競爭結(jié)構(gòu)三維出發(fā)，來分析和判斷競爭力的關(guān)鍵決定因 素。論文從這三維出發(fā)，提出了確定企業(yè)國際競爭力關(guān)鍵塊定因素的三個子模型，將這二 個子模型的分析結(jié)合起來，可使企業(yè)競爭力的決定因素（竟?fàn)幜碓矗└油怀龅娘@示出 來。在產(chǎn)業(yè)層次，本論文提出有競爭力產(chǎn)業(yè)假說，認(rèn)為在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的不同階段有競爭力的 產(chǎn)業(yè)是不同的；并進(jìn)一步從靜態(tài)和動態(tài)兩個角度分別建立了確定產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力關(guān)鍵決定因素 的分析模型。在國家層次，本論文在討論世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇、瑞土管理發(fā)展研究院國家競爭力 評價理論和方法的基礎(chǔ)上，提山了分析國家國際竟?fàn)幜Φ乃囊蛩啬Ｐ�。以上模型的建立�?有助于我們從國際競爭力的決定岡素的度，來解釋競爭力，評價競爭力，井可進(jìn)一步尋找 提高競爭力的政策建議或改進(jìn)措施。 本論文并沒有就所建立的競爭力決定因素分析模型在政策層面展開討論。這是因為， 一方面有關(guān)這方面的討論內(nèi)容繁多，觀點(diǎn)分散，爭論激烈，例如日本的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對日本產(chǎn) 業(yè)國際競爭力的提高發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用還是次要作用有各種不同的看法；另一方面對某個企 業(yè)、某個產(chǎn)業(yè)或某個國家米說具有訣定性作用的因素在其他國家、其他產(chǎn)業(yè)或企業(yè)可能并 不起關(guān)鍵作用。筆者認(rèn)為，各種競爭力分析的理論模型，只為人們尋找訣定競爭力的關(guān)鍵 囚素提供思路或分析框架，但決定競爭主體競爭力的真正原因，還必須通過深入細(xì)致地調(diào) 查才能確定，這是由竟?fàn)幜@一問題本身的復(fù)雜性所決定的。也只有通過深入調(diào)查所確定 的競爭力決定因素，才是有根有據(jù)的，以這種調(diào)查結(jié)論為基礎(chǔ)提出的政策建議或改進(jìn)措施 也是能夠命中要害的。因此，本論文將注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到尋找通過實地調(diào)查來確定國際競爭力 決定困素的方怯方面，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)；用標(biāo)桿測定法來確定企業(yè)
[Abstract]:The economy of some countries has been heavily hit by the development of economic globalization, while the economy of other countries is rapid.
The development of China's reform and opening to the outside world has also made Chinese enterprises carry out "international" competition on the domestic market and multinational corporations.
In this context, scholars, governments and enterprises in many countries have carried out research on international competitiveness.
This paper analyzes the different definitions of the competitiveness of each academic stream, and believes that competitiveness should be defined as the subject of competition.
The power expressed in the process of competing for the object of competition is based on this definition. This paper is from the subject of competition and the competition is the same.
The various definitions of international competitiveness are discussed in the three angles of the image and the result of competition, indicating the international competitiveness of different scholars.
The main reasons for the difference in the definition and evaluation theory and method are revealed, and the essential features of the concept of international competitiveness are revealed.
It lays the foundation for the establishment of a unified and comprehensive evaluation theory and method system for international competitiveness of different scholars.
This paper argues that the essential feature of competitiveness is the gap between the competitors, which may be resources
It may also be capability, and it may be outside the environment. The gap between the participants in the search for competition.
In this paper, we review the theory of comparative advantage, the new trade theory, and the basis of Potter's theory of competitive advantage.
On the basis of this, the 9 factor model of determining the competitiveness of the enterprise is put forward.
The source of competitiveness can be explored in a broader range.
The gap between the competitors is finally reflected by the result of competition. From the evaluation of the result of the competition
This paper puts forward a quantitative index system for evaluating the three levels of international competitiveness of enterprises, industries and countries.
Indicators can be divided into two categories: a class of indicators based on market share data to reflect the potential of competition.
An index based on the ability to reflect the actual level of competition or the result of competition. On the relationship between these indicators and the international competitiveness
On the basis of the evidence, this paper proposes to reveal the logical relationship between the indicators and explain the internal relations between them.
The theoretical formula of the system and the calculation method of the specific index of the two kinds of indexes based on these theoretical formulas and the evaluation method
The in-depth discussion of the scope of application and the evaluation index and method of the international competitiveness from different angles
Unify into a theoretical framework.
In the evaluation of international competitiveness based on import and export data, such as market share and trade competitiveness index,
After the in-depth study and discussion of the indicator comparative advantage index, the index of showing sexual competitive advantage and the relative competitiveness index
Now, these indicators have shortcomings and advantages, in the evaluation of international competitiveness should be carefully used. In the price, cost,
After an in-depth study of the specific methods of evaluating the international competitiveness of the productivity indicators, it is found that these points are calculated by the exchange rate.
It is more convenient to use, but not to use the purchasing power parity index to evaluate the accuracy. This paper also evaluates some of the indicators.
The effect is analyzed in essence, and it is found that using the trade competitiveness index to judge the international competitiveness is not as good as the comparative advantage.
The index is accurate, but it is no more accurate than the display competitive advantage index with the display comparative advantage index.
In terms of index calculation, both molecules and parents use value to calculate the use of physical quantity or molecular parents.
The quantity unit is not consistent and accurate. But the different calculation methods will draw the opposite conclusion. In general, the trade number is used.
To evaluate the accuracy of international competitiveness is not as good as the use of profitability indicators.
In the analysis of the reasons for the gap between the competitors, or in the search for the interpretation of the source of competitiveness,
This paper starts from the determinants of competitiveness, enterprises are discussed, three levels of industry and the international competitiveness of a country's decision
The factors, well established key competitiveness analysis model of factors theory. At the enterprise level, this paper believes that we can
From the product type, the industrial life cycle and the market competition structure, the key decision to analyze and judge the competitiveness is due to the three dimensions.
In this paper, three sub models to determine the determinants of key enterprises' international competitiveness are proposed in this paper, which will be two.
Analysis of sub models combined with decision factors can make the competitiveness of enterprises (competitive sources) showed more prominent
At the industrial level, this paper puts forward a competitive industry hypothesis that it is competitive at different stages of economic development.
Industry is different, and the key determinants of industrial competitiveness are set up from two angles of static and dynamic.
At the national level, this paper is discussing the world economic forum and the national competitiveness of the Institute for management and development of Rui Tu.
Based on the theory and method of evaluation, put forward four factors analysis of national international competitiveness model established above the model,
It can help us to explain competitiveness and evaluate competitiveness from the degree of international competitiveness, which can be further sought.
Policy recommendations or improvements to improve competitiveness.
This paper does not discuss the policy level of the analytical model for the determinants of competitiveness. This is because,
On the one hand, there are many discussions on this aspect, scattered views and intense debate, such as Japan's industrial policy for Japan.
There are different views on whether the improvement of the international competitiveness of the industry has played a key role or a secondary role; on the other hand, it is for a certain enterprise.
In other countries, other industries or enterprises, a business, an industry, or a country of Rice says factors that have a decisive role in other industries or enterprises
The author believes that the theoretical model of competitive analysis is the key to the search for the competitiveness of the people.
Imprisin provides ideas or analytical frameworks, but the real reason for the competitiveness of the competitors must be carefully adjusted.
Check can be determined, which is determined by the complexity of the problem itself the competitiveness. Only through in-depth investigation determined
The determinants of competitiveness, is well founded, the investigation conclusion puts forward policy suggestions and improvement measures
Therefore, this paper shifts attention to finding international competitiveness through field surveys.
The author finds out the aspects of Fang's timidity, and the author finds that the method of benchmarking is used to determine the enterprise

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類號】：F014

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