本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公共物品 提供模式 政府 市場(chǎng) 管制　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2003年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 公共物品消費(fèi)過(guò)程中所具有的非排他性和非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性特點(diǎn)，導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)在提供公共物品時(shí)出現(xiàn)失靈現(xiàn)象，在這種情況下，政府成為公共物品的唯一提供者。然而受政府財(cái)力不足、政府運(yùn)營(yíng)公共資金的低效率以及人們對(duì)各種公共物品的需求不斷增加等因素的影響，政府提供的公共物品嚴(yán)重不足，不能滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要。 20世紀(jì)70年代出現(xiàn)在西方市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家的公共物品市場(chǎng)提供模式，為我們解決這個(gè)難題提供了思路，政府可以利用市場(chǎng)來(lái)提供公共物品。本文詳細(xì)論述了政府可以利用市場(chǎng)提供公共物品的原因、市場(chǎng)提供公共物品的理論依據(jù)以及政府與市場(chǎng)如何有效地配合生產(chǎn)社會(huì)發(fā)展所需要的公共物品。這對(duì)于我國(guó)公共物品提供體系的完善、公共財(cái)政體系的建設(shè)、以及理解市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下政府與市場(chǎng)之間關(guān)系，都具有非常重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 公共物品的公共性會(huì)因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、技術(shù)條件、需求彈性、外部性等因素的變化而改變，從而使公共物品與私人物品的邊界變得模糊。正是基于這一點(diǎn)，公共物品兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)的成立是有條件的，即在擁擠點(diǎn)之間，，公共物品才具有非排他性和非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，所以公共物品是指設(shè)計(jì)使用者大于1的物品。公共物品在物品序列圖中位置的不確定性決定了其在物品提供者序列圖中的位置也具有不確定性，政府與市場(chǎng)都可能成為其提供者。由此提出了公共物品提供的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展觀，應(yīng)該根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)條件的變化，按照效率與公平的原則，動(dòng)態(tài)地選擇公共物品的最優(yōu)提供者。拓寬了公共物品提供的渠道，進(jìn)一步完善了公共物品提供理論。 基于公共物品提供的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展觀，詳細(xì)分析了公共物品提供的三種主要模式：政府直接生產(chǎn)模式、政府利用市場(chǎng)間接生產(chǎn)模式以及私人提供模式。政府提供公共物品是基于公平分配的考慮，而政府直接生產(chǎn)是從生產(chǎn)的角度來(lái)講。當(dāng)市場(chǎng)提供公共物品時(shí)，政府提供的涵義就體現(xiàn)在政府對(duì)于市場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的公共物品通過(guò)一定的方式進(jìn)行分配。政府利用市場(chǎng)提供公共物品，是公共部門與私人部門的有機(jī)結(jié)合，是效率與公平的有機(jī)結(jié)合。非政府組織及個(gè)人對(duì)公共物品的自愿提供以及實(shí)驗(yàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的結(jié)論證明了現(xiàn)實(shí)的人們并非總是“經(jīng)濟(jì)人”，每一個(gè)體都是一定程度的利他主義與利己主義的均衡體。 為防止市場(chǎng)提供公共物品時(shí)對(duì)于社會(huì)公平的偏離，政府需要對(duì)提供公共物品的市場(chǎng)主體進(jìn)行有效地管制。本文系統(tǒng)分析了政府管制的客體和管制的方式，以及在信息不對(duì)稱約束條件下政府管制方法的創(chuàng)新——激勵(lì)性管制和協(xié)商性管制。 西北大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文 最后，基于公共物品提供的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展觀，分析了我國(guó)農(nóng)村公共物品供給體制內(nèi) 生的矛盾和問(wèn)題，指出解決農(nóng)村公共物品關(guān)鍵措施在于將“三提五統(tǒng)”的農(nóng)村公共 物品融資體制納入國(guó)家財(cái)政收支范圍，在加大政府支農(nóng)力度的同時(shí)，改變重工輕農(nóng)、 重城市輕農(nóng)村的傳統(tǒng)觀念，多渠道地為農(nóng)村公共物品的生產(chǎn)提供資金。
[Abstract]:Non exclusive and non competitive features of public goods in the process of consumption, leading to market failure in the provision of public goods, in this case, the government is the only provider of public goods. However, due to the insufficient financial resources of government, government run public funds, low efficiency and the demand for public goods is increasing. The influence factors, the government provides public goods shortage, can not meet the needs of economic and social development.
In 1970s in the western market economy countries to provide public goods market mode, and provides a way for us to solve this problem, the government can use the market to provide public goods. This paper discusses in detail the government can use the market to provide public goods, the market to provide public goods as well as the theoretical basis for the government and the market, how to effectively cope with the needs of the production of social development. It provides public goods for improving the system of public goods in our country, the construction of public finance system, and the understanding of the government and the market under the market economy condition the relationship has very important theoretical and practical significance.
The public nature of public goods because of the level of economic development, technological conditions, demand elasticity, changes in external factors such as change, so that the public goods and private goods boundaries. It is based on this point, the establishment of the two characteristics of public goods is conditional, that is in the crowded point between the public. Goods is non exclusive and non competitive, so public goods refers to the design of the user more than 1 items. The public goods in the position of items in the sequence diagram of uncertainty decision in the goods provider in the sequence diagram position is uncertain, the government and the market are likely to become the provider of the public goods. With the view of economic development should be based on changes in the economic and technological conditions, in accordance with the principle of efficiency and fairness, dynamically select the optimal provider of public goods. The public goods provided to broaden the channels It further perfects the theory of providing public goods.
The provision of public goods in the view of economic development based on the detailed analysis of the three main modes of public goods supply: direct production mode of the government, the government by using the indirect mode of market production and private supply mode. The government provides public goods fair distribution based on the consideration of the government direct production is from the production perspective. When the market to provide public the government provides goods, the meaning is reflected in the government a certain way for the market to produce public goods through the allocation. The government to use market to provide public goods, is the organic combination of the public sector and private sector, is the organic combination of efficiency and fairness. Non government organizations and individual voluntary provision of public goods and the experiment economics proves that people are not always the reality of the "economic man", each individual is a certain degree of altruism and Egoism Equilibrium body.
The provision of public goods in order to prevent the market to deviate from the social justice, the government needs to effectively control to provide public goods in the main market. This paper analyzes the object of government regulation and control way, and in the asymmetric information condition control method innovation, incentive regulation and negotiated regulation.
Doctoral dissertations of Northwestern University
Finally, based on the concept of economic development provided by public goods, the system of supply of public goods in rural areas in China is analyzed.
The contradictions and problems, points out the key measures of rural public goods is on the "3 rural public
The financing system of the goods is included in the state's financial revenue and expenditure, while the government's support for agriculture is strengthened, and the heavy industry is changed.
The traditional concept of heavy urban light rural areas provides funds for the production of rural public goods in many ways.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：F062.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前9條

1 謝琳琳;公共投資建設(shè)項(xiàng)目決策機(jī)制研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2005年

2 陳欣;公立醫(yī)院激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制研究[D];天津大學(xué);2005年

3 王艷;制度變遷背景下中國(guó)公用事業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)模式的轉(zhuǎn)型研究[D];西北大學(xué);2008年

4 馬海龍;行政區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行時(shí)期的區(qū)域治理[D];華東師范大學(xué);2008年

5 李建橋;我國(guó)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)模式研究[D];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2009年

6 程萬(wàn)高;基于公共物品理論的政府信息資源增值服務(wù)供給機(jī)制研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2010年

7 蔣文俊;農(nóng)村公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)包提供模式研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2010年

8 冷功業(yè);中國(guó)公共物品非營(yíng)利組織供給研究[D];西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2010年

9 康藝凡;高等教育產(chǎn)品混合供給的效率研究[D];上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院;2010年

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