本文關(guān)鍵詞：《商君書(shū)》經(jīng)濟(jì)思想研究　出處：《哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 商鞅 《商君書(shū)》 本末論 賦役論 人口論

【摘要】：“百代效行秦政治”。先秦時(shí)期,商鞅力推改革,其變法為秦國(guó)的富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),同時(shí),也對(duì)中國(guó)的政治體制改革造成了深遠(yuǎn)影響。商鞅及其后學(xué)的治世之道集中記錄于《商君書(shū)》一書(shū)中,因此,研究《商君書(shū)》的經(jīng)濟(jì)思想,既是我們了解戰(zhàn)國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)變革的有效途徑,也是我們理解商鞅及秦經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的重要依據(jù)。本文擬在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合蔣禮鴻先生的《商君書(shū)錐指》和近幾年陸續(xù)刊布的考古資料專(zhuān)門(mén)對(duì)《商君書(shū)》經(jīng)濟(jì)思想進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理、解讀與評(píng)價(jià)。文章共分為五個(gè)部分。第一章：緒論。該部分主要介紹了選題的意義與文獻(xiàn)綜述。對(duì)于綜述部分,本文從本末論、賦役論、人口論三個(gè)角度出發(fā),對(duì)已有的研究成果進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)歸納和總結(jié)。第二章：基本理論。這部分主要闡述相關(guān)的歷史學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論。從歷史唯物主義角度出發(fā),結(jié)合歷史變異論與名利論,論述了商鞅經(jīng)濟(jì)變革的依據(jù)。然后以效用論、激勵(lì)理論與信息一連帶責(zé)任理論等經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論為指導(dǎo),對(duì)《商君書(shū)》中的農(nóng)業(yè)、手工業(yè)、商業(yè)和賦役等思想進(jìn)行了考證與剖析。第三章：商鞅與《商君書(shū)》。該部分主要介紹了商鞅個(gè)人的生平傳略、《商君書(shū)》的流傳以及《商君書(shū)》所處的時(shí)代背景。第四章：《商君書(shū)》經(jīng)濟(jì)思想的內(nèi)容。這部分主要分析了本末論、賦役論與人口論,其主要思想體現(xiàn)在如下幾個(gè)方面：(一)在重農(nóng)抑末方面,《商君書(shū)·農(nóng)戰(zhàn)》從正反兩方面論證了農(nóng)業(yè)與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以及土地與人口的關(guān)系。至于末業(yè),商鞅主要采取的抑商舉措有控制商品流通、重課商稅、嚴(yán)格管控軍市、加強(qiáng)關(guān)市的管理和征發(fā)商人服役等。(二)在田稅征收思想方面,《商君書(shū)》及秦簡(jiǎn)顯示,秦依據(jù)“什一”之稅率征收田租,所征之稅為實(shí)物形態(tài)。當(dāng)然,秦還征收田畝附加稅：一是“芻z>”稅除了征繳實(shí)物外,還可以折錢(qián)上交；二是“芻”稅既可折錢(qián)繳納,又可按戶(hù)征收；三是加強(qiáng)“桌稅”的征收。(三)在末業(yè)稅征收和徭役征發(fā)思想方面,商鞅提出了一些具體的措施,如“重關(guān)市之賦”、“貴酒肉之價(jià),重其租,令十倍其樸”、“市利盡歸于農(nóng)”、家臣須服“役事”、驅(qū)使貴族子弟服徭役、強(qiáng)迫商人及其家人服徭等。(四)在人口論方面,商鞅也提出了一系列有利于國(guó)富兵強(qiáng)的政策舉措。概而言之,這些舉措包括如下兒點(diǎn)：第一,百姓守法,則“國(guó)強(qiáng)”：第二,“國(guó)富而貧治”,國(guó)家就會(huì)強(qiáng)人；第三,“兵行敵之所不敢行”,百姓出戰(zhàn)不懼死；第四,“法有”和“主變”結(jié)合,則百姓可治：第五,堅(jiān)持農(nóng)戰(zhàn),則“國(guó)致物者強(qiáng)”。第六,使民“辱”、“弱”、“貧”,則國(guó)家就會(huì)強(qiáng)大：第七,去除“六虱”,凈化農(nóng)戰(zhàn)環(huán)境。第五章：《商君書(shū)》經(jīng)濟(jì)思想的歷史地位及其現(xiàn)代意義評(píng)價(jià)。以“農(nóng)戰(zhàn)”為核心的《商君書(shū)》經(jīng)濟(jì)思想具有重要的歷史導(dǎo)向性,但其“弱民”與“抑末”思想也具有一定的歷史局限性。
[Abstract]:"The politics of Qin emi". The pre Qin period, Shang Yang pushed for reform, the reform has laid the foundation for a solid state fuguoqiangbing, at the same time, also caused a profound impact on the political system reform Chinese. Taoism Shang Yang and his followers from recorded in the "book of Lord Shang" in one book, so the study of "the book of Lord Shang" economic thought is an effective way to our understanding of the Warring States period of the social and economic reform, but also an important basis for our understanding of Shang Yang and Qin economic system. This paper with Mr. Jiang Lihong on the basis of previous research, "the book of Lord Shang cone" and in recent years have published archaeological data specifically of "the book of Lord Shang" economic thought interpretation and evaluation system, combing. The article is divided into five parts. Chapter one: introduction. This part mainly introduces the significance of the topic and the literature review. For this part, this article from the theory, tax theory, theory of population of three point of view, the existing research results and summarized system. The second chapter: the basic theory. This part mainly expounds the relevant theories of history and economics. From the perspective of historical materialism, the basis of Shang Yang's economic change is discussed in combination with the theory of historical variation and the theory of fame and wealth. Then the utility theory, incentive theory and information theory with responsibility for economic theory as a guide, to "the book of Lord Shang" in agriculture, handicraft industry and commerce, taxes and other ideas for the textual research and analysis. The third chapter: Shang Yang and the book of Shang Jun. This part mainly introduces Shang Yang's personal life, "the book of Lord Shang" and the spread of "the book of Lord Shang" the background of the times. The fourth chapter: the content of the economic thought of the book of Shang Jun. This part mainly analyzes the theory, tax theory and the theory of population, the main idea is reflected in the following aspects: (a) in restraining end, "the book of Lord Shang Vernon war" demonstrates the relationship between agriculture and war, land and population from two sides. As for the country, taking measures taken by anti Shang Yang mainly control the circulation of commodities, heavy taxes, strict control in the course of business, strengthen the management and recruitment service and other merchants joint. (two) in the land tax collection and thought, "the book of Lord Shang" and "Qin Qin, according to what a" land rent tax levy, the tax levied by the real form. Of course, Qin also imposed additional tax levy: one is "a z>" in addition to tax collection of objects, also can be folded money delivered; two is "on" tax can fold money to pay, and can be collected by household; the three is to strengthen the "table of tax levied. (three) in the country taxes and corvee then thought, Shang Yang put forward some concrete measures, such as "Guan Fu" and "expensive wine prices, the rent to ten times of the park", "city as to agriculture", "service" to take a retainer, driven by the aristocracy the children were forced service service, merchants and family service service etc.. (four) in the population theory, Shang Yang also put forward a series of policies and measures to help soldiers guofu. In general, these measures include the following points: first, the people of the law, is "strong": second, "the poor governance", "third countries will, for military strongman; the enemy dare not", the people out without fear of death; fourth, "law" and "change" with it people can cure: fifth, adhere to the "agriculture war, caused a strong country". Sixth, the country will be "humiliated", "weak" and "poor", and the state will be strong: seventh, to remove "six lice" and to purify the agricultural war environment. The fifth chapter: the historical status of the economic thought of the book of Shang Jun and the evaluation of its modern significance. The economic thought of Shang Jun Shu, with the core of "agriculture and war" as its core, has important historical orientation, but its "weak people" and "suppression of the end" have certain historical limitations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B226.2;F092.2

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