【摘要】：熱計量方式的選擇和熱價確定原理是供熱計量的兩大關(guān)鍵。供熱計量方式的選擇是供熱計量順利實施的基礎(chǔ)。熱價作為供熱計量的價格杠桿，能夠調(diào)節(jié)供熱企業(yè)和熱用戶的利益分配，能夠充分調(diào)動雙方對建筑節(jié)能的積極性，也是供熱計量能否得到支持的關(guān)鍵。本文主要針對這兩個問題進行研究。 在供熱計量方式研究部分，根據(jù)供熱計量工程的要求，在滿足熱用戶的舒適性要求的前提下，考慮供熱計量的經(jīng)濟性、公平性和技術(shù)可行性的情況下，選擇出針對不同類型建筑的最優(yōu)供熱計量方式。首次提出了熱量分攤型建筑和熱量不分攤型建筑的概念，以及其分別在供熱計量工程實施過程中的不同要求。并根據(jù)兩者的采暖熱計量的不同特點，從經(jīng)濟性、人文性、社會性等方面的因素得出我國熱計量選擇的基本原則�？偨Y(jié)出我國供熱計量方法的三個基本原理，得出了溫度法供熱計量比較適合用于熱量分攤型建筑的結(jié)論。對溫度法熱計量的基本理念、技術(shù)難點、熱量分攤的方法做了簡要的分析。 在熱價的研究部分，首先對供熱成本構(gòu)成進行分析，闡述了一部制熱價和兩部制熱價的不同。在前人對兩部制價格理論模型研究的基礎(chǔ)上，給出了基于供熱成本測算的兩部制熱價確定方法。首次提出了反映供熱可變成本的“燃料費指標”的概念，以此確定供熱計量的計量熱價。本文對熱價的核心研究在于，首次提出了基于共享節(jié)能收益原則的熱價制定理論，推理得出供熱計量的基本熱價和計量熱價的制定方法。合理的消除了供熱計量前后供熱企業(yè)收取和熱用戶的繳納熱費的變化。也對未實行面積熱價的居住建筑，實行供熱計量后的建筑節(jié)能收益進行合理的分配。最大限度的調(diào)動了雙方對供熱計量的積極性。 本文依據(jù)成本測算的基本原理及長春市現(xiàn)行面積熱價，對長春市現(xiàn)行面積熱價進行評估。根據(jù)評估結(jié)果及長春市2013年供熱數(shù)據(jù)，，經(jīng)過反復測算得出適合長春市的基本熱費比。并對熱價的制定進行了風險評估。對各個地區(qū)的供熱計量熱價制定具有一定的指導意義。
[Abstract]:The choice of heat metering mode and the principle of heat price determination are the two keys of heating metering. The choice of heating metering mode is the basis of the smooth implementation of heating metering. As the price lever of heating metering, heat price can adjust the distribution of interests between heating enterprises and heat users, can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of both sides for building energy saving, and is also the key to whether heating metering can be supported. This paper mainly studies these two problems. In the research part of heating metering mode, according to the requirements of heating metering engineering, under the premise of meeting the comfort requirements of heat users, considering the economy, fairness and technical feasibility of heating metering, The optimal heating metering method for different types of buildings is selected. The concepts of heat distribution building and heat undistributed building are put forward for the first time, and their different requirements in the implementation of heating metering project are also put forward. According to the different characteristics of heating metering, the basic principles of heat metering selection in China are obtained from the aspects of economy, humanism, sociality and so on. This paper summarizes three basic principles of heating metering method in China, and draws the conclusion that temperature heating metering is more suitable for heat distribution building. The basic concept, technical difficulties and heat sharing method of temperature heat metering are briefly analyzed. In the research part of heat price, firstly, the composition of heating cost is analyzed, and the difference between one heat price and two heat prices is expounded. Based on the previous research on the theoretical model of two-part price, a method for determining the heat price of two-part system based on the calculation of heating cost is given. The concept of "fuel cost index" reflecting the variable cost of heating is put forward for the first time, so as to determine the metering heat price of heating metering. In this paper, the core research of heat price is that the theory of heat price formulation based on the principle of shared energy saving income is put forward for the first time, and the basic heat price and metering heat price of heating metering are deduced. The change of heat charge collected by heating enterprises and heat users before and after heating metering is eliminated reasonably. The energy saving income of residential buildings without area heat price is also reasonably distributed after heating metering. To the maximum extent, the enthusiasm of both sides for heating metering has been aroused. Based on the basic principle of cost calculation and the current area heat price of Changchun City, this paper evaluates the current area heat price of Changchun City. According to the evaluation results and Changchun heating data in 2013, the basic heat cost ratio suitable for Changchun city is obtained by repeated calculation. The risk assessment of the formulation of heat price is carried out. It has certain guiding significance for the establishment of heat metering and heat price in various regions.
【學位授予單位】：長春工程學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU995

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