地鐵車站運營與應急疏散客流組織方法研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-01 09:44
【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟的快速增長和和城市人口規(guī)模的不斷擴大以及人民生活水平的不斷提高,城市居民的出行量不斷增長,導致人們的交通需求量也不斷增加。城市軌道交通具有便捷、舒適、準時等特點,往往成為人們出行時首先的公共交通方式。人們的日常出行量不斷增加以及大型活動等原因引發(fā)的大客流集散使城市軌道交通系統(tǒng)會不定期的受到大客流的沖擊,給日常的運營組織工作帶來巨大壓力。軌道交通車站一般位于地下空間,建筑結(jié)構(gòu)復雜、出入口少、疏散線路長、通風照明條件差、電器設備種類多且人員高度集中,一旦發(fā)生突發(fā)狀況,地鐵車站人員在緊急疏散時會比外部空曠空間的疏散難度大,因此在制定車站運營組織方案的時候要全面考慮正常情況下和應急疏散情況下客流組織方案,兩者要協(xié)同考慮,使城市軌道交通車站的運營組織方案更加全面、科學、合理。目前,由于客流的快速增長給車站日常管理帶來極大的挑戰(zhàn),車站通過設置導流欄桿緩解客流沖突干擾,減輕客流對站內(nèi)設施和運營車輛的壓力,而設置導流欄桿又會影響乘客快速通行的需求尤其是對乘客的疏散效率。所以,有必要深入研究地鐵車站導流欄桿與乘客的作用機理,以便正確使用和設置導流欄桿,實現(xiàn)正常與緊急情況下的客流組織方案相互協(xié)調(diào)、互相聯(lián)系。對于投入運營的建成車站客流流線組織方面主要方法是設置導流欄桿,因此論文針對軌道交通車站導流欄桿展開研究,并完成了以下工作:1.對城市軌道交通車站正常運營情況下行人交通特性和客流流線進行分析,并總結(jié)了緊急情況下人員的宏觀群集行為和微觀個體行為。2.對深圳地鐵車站進行了現(xiàn)場調(diào)研工作,統(tǒng)計歸納了車站內(nèi)外導流欄桿常見的布置形式,并分析了導流欄桿的作用特性。3.通過對比分析多款交通仿真軟件最終選擇了 Any logic作為本文的仿真工具。仿真分析了正常情況下的導流欄桿設置條件,以及導流欄桿對人員疏散效率的影響并提出了改進措施。研究表明,導流欄桿的設置形式對行人流密度有顯著的影響,導流欄桿明顯會影響到行人的走行速度以及疏散效率。合理的設置導流欄桿能夠減少對行人通行時間及疏散的影響。本文的研究成果可用于指導和優(yōu)化地鐵車站導流欄桿的布設,合理控制客流量并緩解客流流線沖突,從而科學的、全面的制定軌道交通車站客流組織方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of China's economy and the continuous expansion of the size of the urban population and the continuous improvement of the people's living standards, the traffic demand of the urban residents continues to increase, which leads to the continuous increase of the traffic demand of the urban residents. Urban rail transit has the characteristics of convenience, comfort, punctuality and so on, which often becomes the first public transport mode when people travel. The increasing daily traffic volume and the large passenger flow distribution caused by the large-scale activities cause the urban rail transit system to suffer from the impact of the large passenger flow from time to time and bring great pressure to the daily operation and organization. Rail transit stations are generally located in underground spaces, with complex building structures, fewer entrances and exits, long evacuation lines, poor ventilation and lighting conditions, a large number of electrical equipment and concentrated personnel height, and in the event of an unexpected situation, Subway station personnel in emergency evacuation will be more difficult than the evacuation of the outer open space, so when formulating the station operation organization plan, we should comprehensively consider the passenger flow organization plan under normal circumstances and emergency evacuation situation, and the two should be considered in coordination. Make the operation and organization scheme of urban rail transit station more comprehensive, scientific and reasonable. At present, as the rapid growth of passenger flow brings great challenges to the daily management of the station, the station reduces the interference of passenger flow conflict by setting up diversion balustrades, and reduces the pressure of passenger flow on the facilities and operational vehicles in the station. The setting of diversion baluster will affect the demand of rapid passenger passage, especially the evacuation efficiency of passengers. Therefore, it is necessary to study the action mechanism of subway station diversion baluster and passenger, in order to use and set up the diversion railing correctly, and to realize the coordination and mutual connection between normal and emergency passenger flow organization schemes. The main method to organize the completed passenger flow line in operation is to set up the diversion baluster, so this paper studies the rail diversion railing of rail transit station and completes the following work: 1. This paper analyzes the pedestrian traffic characteristics and passenger flow lines under normal operation of urban rail transit stations, and summarizes the macro-cluster behavior and micro-individual behavior of personnel in emergency situations. 2. The site investigation of Shenzhen subway station is carried out, the common layout forms of diversion railings inside and outside the station are summarized, and the function characteristics of diversion balustrades are analyzed. 3. Finally, Any logic is chosen as the simulation tool of this paper by comparing and analyzing several traffic simulation software. The setting conditions of the diversion baluster under normal conditions and the influence of the diversion baluster on the evacuation efficiency are simulated and analyzed, and the improvement measures are put forward. The study shows that the setting form of the diversion railing has a significant effect on the pedestrian flow density, and the diversion railing will obviously affect the walking speed and evacuation efficiency of the pedestrians. Reasonable setting of diversion baluster can reduce the impact on pedestrian passage time and evacuation. The research results of this paper can be used to guide and optimize the layout of subway station diversion balustrades, reasonably control the passenger flow and alleviate the conflict of passenger flow lines, thus scientifically and comprehensively formulate the passenger flow organization scheme of rail transit stations.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U293.6;U298
本文編號：2432312
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of China's economy and the continuous expansion of the size of the urban population and the continuous improvement of the people's living standards, the traffic demand of the urban residents continues to increase, which leads to the continuous increase of the traffic demand of the urban residents. Urban rail transit has the characteristics of convenience, comfort, punctuality and so on, which often becomes the first public transport mode when people travel. The increasing daily traffic volume and the large passenger flow distribution caused by the large-scale activities cause the urban rail transit system to suffer from the impact of the large passenger flow from time to time and bring great pressure to the daily operation and organization. Rail transit stations are generally located in underground spaces, with complex building structures, fewer entrances and exits, long evacuation lines, poor ventilation and lighting conditions, a large number of electrical equipment and concentrated personnel height, and in the event of an unexpected situation, Subway station personnel in emergency evacuation will be more difficult than the evacuation of the outer open space, so when formulating the station operation organization plan, we should comprehensively consider the passenger flow organization plan under normal circumstances and emergency evacuation situation, and the two should be considered in coordination. Make the operation and organization scheme of urban rail transit station more comprehensive, scientific and reasonable. At present, as the rapid growth of passenger flow brings great challenges to the daily management of the station, the station reduces the interference of passenger flow conflict by setting up diversion balustrades, and reduces the pressure of passenger flow on the facilities and operational vehicles in the station. The setting of diversion baluster will affect the demand of rapid passenger passage, especially the evacuation efficiency of passengers. Therefore, it is necessary to study the action mechanism of subway station diversion baluster and passenger, in order to use and set up the diversion railing correctly, and to realize the coordination and mutual connection between normal and emergency passenger flow organization schemes. The main method to organize the completed passenger flow line in operation is to set up the diversion baluster, so this paper studies the rail diversion railing of rail transit station and completes the following work: 1. This paper analyzes the pedestrian traffic characteristics and passenger flow lines under normal operation of urban rail transit stations, and summarizes the macro-cluster behavior and micro-individual behavior of personnel in emergency situations. 2. The site investigation of Shenzhen subway station is carried out, the common layout forms of diversion railings inside and outside the station are summarized, and the function characteristics of diversion balustrades are analyzed. 3. Finally, Any logic is chosen as the simulation tool of this paper by comparing and analyzing several traffic simulation software. The setting conditions of the diversion baluster under normal conditions and the influence of the diversion baluster on the evacuation efficiency are simulated and analyzed, and the improvement measures are put forward. The study shows that the setting form of the diversion railing has a significant effect on the pedestrian flow density, and the diversion railing will obviously affect the walking speed and evacuation efficiency of the pedestrians. Reasonable setting of diversion baluster can reduce the impact on pedestrian passage time and evacuation. The research results of this paper can be used to guide and optimize the layout of subway station diversion balustrades, reasonably control the passenger flow and alleviate the conflict of passenger flow lines, thus scientifically and comprehensively formulate the passenger flow organization scheme of rail transit stations.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U293.6;U298
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，本文編號：2432312
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