基于3S技術(shù)的三峽庫(kù)區(qū)萬(wàn)州區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)研究
[Abstract]:The special natural environment conditions in the three Gorges Reservoir area, as well as a series of problems brought about by the rapid development of reservoir construction and social economy, such as increasing population and aggravating pollution, As a result, the already fragile ecosystem of the three Gorges Reservoir area becomes more special and complex under the external disturbance, which is a typical ecological fragile zone in China. Once unreasonable human activities have caused serious consequences to the ecosystem of the three Gorges Reservoir area, and have had a certain negative impact on the safety of the three Gorges Project and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, as well as the sustainable development of the social economy of the whole Yangtze River basin. Wanzhou District is located in the heart of the three Gorges Reservoir area. Its topography and geomorphology are similar to that of the whole three Gorges Reservoir area. The Yangtze River runs through the whole area and passes through the three Gorges Reservoir after three water impoundments. The inundated area and the scale of emigration are very large, and the ecological environment in the region has changed significantly, so it is a typical area in the three Gorges Reservoir area. This paper takes Wanzhou District as the research object, taking remote sensing image data, environmental monitoring data and social and economic statistics data as the basic data source, under the support of 3s technology. The database and index system of ecological vulnerability assessment factors in Wanzhou district were established, and the weight of evaluation indexes was determined. The ecological sensitivity, ecological elasticity and ecological pressure were evaluated by special evaluation method. Through the comprehensive evaluation method, the ecological vulnerability of Wanzhou district is evaluated, and the ecological environment characteristics and distribution are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the average ecological sensitivity (ESI) index of Wanzhou district is on the medium low level; There are also differences in spatial distribution. The ecologically sensitive areas are mainly distributed in the boundary part of Wanzhou region, the mild sensitive areas are relatively evenly distributed in the whole study area and are widely distributed, the moderate sensitive areas are mainly distributed in the foothills of the southeast and southwest of Wanzhou region. The highly sensitive area mainly distributes in the high elevation mountain area of Wanzhou area and is striped, which is the area that needs special attention. (2) the (EEI) index of ecological elasticity in Wanzhou area is in the middle level as a whole. The spatial distribution also presents certain regularity. The ecological low elasticity area mainly distributes in the high altitude mountain area where the topography is complex and the vegetation coverage is relatively low, while the ecological medium elasticity area is relatively evenly distributed in the central hinterland of the study area. The ecological high elasticity area mainly distributes in the relatively low elevation area along the Yangtze River. (3) the ecological pressure (EPI) in Wanzhou area is on the middle high level. The ecological high pressure area is distributed in the area of economic development and population density in the north-central region (county town and surrounding towns), in which Shuanghekou street is facing the biggest ecological pressure. The ecologically moderate pressure area is mainly distributed in the middle hinterland where the population density belongs to the middle level, and the ecological low pressure area is mainly distributed in the western and eastern edge of Wanzhou region. The average ecological pressure of the whole study area is 47.37, which is in the middle and high level. (4) the ecological fragility of Wanzhou area is moderately fragile, and the spatial distribution is regular. According to the classification of ecological vulnerability, there are no extremely low ecological fragile areas and extremely high ecological fragile areas in Wanzhou region. The ecological vulnerability of the study area shows the spatial pattern distribution characteristics of north high and south low, and the highly vulnerable area is concentrated in the economically developed area of Wanzhou district. The vegetation coverage in these areas is low; The low vulnerable areas are mainly distributed in the mountainous areas with good ecological environment, sparse population and high vegetation coverage in the northwest and southeast of the study area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:X826
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