【摘要】：地鐵工程建設(shè)是一個(gè)人、物、環(huán)境和組織等因素組成的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng),其投資額巨大、施工環(huán)境復(fù)雜、技術(shù)難度高、不確定因素多,施工中不僅需要使用大型的機(jī)械設(shè)備,還需要不同工種作業(yè)人員的密切配合,多種因素的交互影響,極易產(chǎn)生安全隱患,安全管理出現(xiàn)問題,就會導(dǎo)致安全事故的發(fā)生。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),自2010年至2016年國內(nèi)地鐵施工中共發(fā)生63起安全事故。安全事故的發(fā)生,不僅造成嚴(yán)重的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,還影響施工過程和工期。因此,分析地鐵施工安全事故的致因因素及其相互的因果關(guān)系,構(gòu)建地鐵施工安全事故致因鏈,對于從根源上預(yù)防事故的發(fā)生具有重要的意義。基于此,如何從事故致因的角度,運(yùn)用合適的理論和方法,分析地鐵施工中安全事故的關(guān)鍵因素及其作用關(guān)系,探尋出事故致因鏈,并據(jù)此提出相應(yīng)的防范措施,是論文研究的重要內(nèi)容。為有效減少安全事故的發(fā)生,降低安全事故的損失,從尋找事故發(fā)生的影響因素入手,根據(jù)事故致因理論,探尋地鐵施工中安全事故的致因鏈成為亟待解決的問題,具體研究內(nèi)容如下:1)通過分析安全事故相關(guān)資料文獻(xiàn),構(gòu)建以人、物、環(huán)境和組織四個(gè)方面的地鐵施工安全事故致因系統(tǒng),對各方面影響因素進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析,以確定地鐵施工安全事故的致因素。2)根據(jù)確定的致因因素,借助計(jì)算機(jī)編程技術(shù),搭建地鐵施工安全事故致因數(shù)據(jù)搜集平臺,通過分析事故調(diào)查報(bào)告搜集數(shù)據(jù),建立地鐵施工安全事故致因數(shù)據(jù)庫,運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則Apriori算法,篩選出最大頻繁項(xiàng)集和強(qiáng)關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則,借助事故致因"2-4"模型,探尋地鐵施工安全事故致因鏈。3)以西安地鐵4號線燃?xì)庑孤┦鹿蕿槔?應(yīng)用地鐵施工安全事故致因鏈,查找和分析造成此次事故的原因,形成此次事故的致因鏈。從事故致因鏈可以看出,造成此次事故的直接原因是違章使用機(jī)械進(jìn)行圍護(hù)樁施工;間接原因是僥幸心理的驅(qū)使下未按照規(guī)范要求進(jìn)行人工探孔,導(dǎo)致探孔密度不足,對圍護(hù)樁施工范圍內(nèi)的管線分布不明確;根本原因是圍護(hù)樁施工過程的安全管理出現(xiàn)漏洞,安全教育培訓(xùn)投入不足、現(xiàn)場安全管理松懈和安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任未落實(shí);根源是企業(yè)安全文化的欠缺,表現(xiàn)為安全承諾不到位和安全事務(wù)參與倡導(dǎo)不力。據(jù)此運(yùn)用行為安全方法,提出切實(shí)有效的防范措施,為切斷地鐵施工安全事故致因鏈,減少安全事故的發(fā)生提供參考和借鑒。
[Abstract]:Subway engineering construction is a complex system composed of human, material, environment and organization. Its investment is huge, the construction environment is complex, the technical difficulty is high, the uncertain factors are many. It also needs the close cooperation of different kinds of workers and the interaction of many factors. It is easy to produce the hidden trouble of safety. The safety management problems will lead to the occurrence of safety accidents. According to incomplete statistics, 63 safety accidents occurred in subway construction between 2010 and 2016. The occurrence of safety accident not only causes serious casualties and economic losses, but also affects the construction process and construction period. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the cause factors of subway construction safety accidents and their causality, and to construct the chain of causes of subway construction safety accidents. Based on this, how to use appropriate theory and method to analyze the key factors and their function relationship of safety accidents in subway construction from the point of view of accident cause, to find out the chain of accident cause, and to put forward the corresponding preventive measures accordingly. It is the important content of the thesis research. In order to effectively reduce the occurrence of safety accidents and reduce the loss of safety accidents, it is an urgent problem to find out the cause chain of safety accidents in subway construction according to the theory of accident cause, starting from finding the influencing factors of accidents. The specific research contents are as follows: 1) through the analysis of the safety accident related information literature, the paper constructs the subway construction safety accident cause system in the aspects of person, material, environment and organization, and analyzes the influencing factors in detail. In order to determine the factors of subway construction safety accident. 2) according to the determined cause factors, with the help of computer programming technology, build the subway construction safety accident cause data collection platform, through the analysis of accident investigation report to collect data, The database of accidents caused by accidents in subway construction is established, and the maximum frequent itemsets and strong association rules are screened by using association rules Apriori algorithm, and the "2-4" model of accident causes is used to select the maximum frequent itemsets and strong association rules. This paper explores the cause chain of subway construction safety accident. 3) taking Xi'an Metro Line 4 gas leakage accident as an example, the cause chain of subway construction safety accident is found and analyzed to form the cause chain of this accident. From the accident cause chain can be seen that the direct cause of the accident is the use of machinery for the construction of protective piles; The indirect reason is that the artificial drilling is not carried out in accordance with the specification, which leads to the lack of hole density and the unclear distribution of pipelines in the construction scope of the retaining pile. The fundamental reason is that the safety management of the construction process of the enclosure pile is flawed, the investment of safety education and training is insufficient, the safety management is lax and the responsibility of safety production is not carried out. The root is the lack of corporate safety culture, which shows that the security commitment is not in place and the safety affairs participation is weak. According to the method of behavior safety, effective preventive measures are put forward, which can provide reference and reference for cutting off the chain of causes of safety accidents in subway construction and reducing the occurrence of safety accidents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U231.3

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