【摘要】：人口老齡化是當(dāng)今世界人口發(fā)展的趨勢,隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展和人們對健康重視程度的提高,人類的平均壽命也隨之增高,死亡率降低,因此人類社會逐漸形成為老齡化社會。一個國家或者一個地區(qū)的社會老齡化問題可能引起社會勞動力的不足或者減少,并且在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中帶來一定的負面影響。延邊朝鮮族自治州人口約220萬,是我國朝鮮族最大的集中居住地,緊鄰韓國、日本和俄羅斯,地處環(huán)境和社會文化比較特殊,因此近年來大量勞動力向國外流出,特別是到語言方面具有優(yōu)勢的韓國的勞動力逐年增加。據(jù)統(tǒng)計2014年在韓國滯留的朝鮮族人口已經(jīng)達到了 50多萬,并且都是年輕體壯的勞動力人口為主,而留在延邊地區(qū)的勞動力人口明顯下降,并且趨向老齡化。延邊地區(qū)的出生率低于全國平均水平,這也影響著人口的增長速度和人口的增長數(shù)量,也影響著勞動力人口的增長。延邊地區(qū)的所處環(huán)境以及文化的特殊性引起的老齡化問題比較突出,要解決老齡化問題所帶來的負面影響困難重重,需要延邊州政府以及吉林省政府的高度重視和相關(guān)政策方面的大力支持。因此,本文對延邊地區(qū)老齡化問題進行了分析,并對老齡化對延邊地區(qū)經(jīng)濟所帶來的影響進行了分析。日本雖然在社會體制、經(jīng)濟等方面與我國存在著較大的不同和差距,但是兩國所面臨的社會經(jīng)濟變遷問題很相似。上個世紀(jì)70年代開始,日本就出現(xiàn)了社會高齡化現(xiàn)象,并且此現(xiàn)象帶來的問題日趨嚴(yán)重,緩解或解決此類問題上日本的經(jīng)驗比較豐富。為便于地區(qū)間比較,本文以日本千葉縣為例,分析了日本千葉縣解決人口老齡化的對策,為延邊地區(qū)解決老齡化問題提供政策參考,并探討緩解或減輕延邊少數(shù)民族地區(qū)老齡化問題帶來的社會、經(jīng)濟方面負面影響的對策及方法。
[Abstract]:Population aging is the trend of population development in the world today. With the development of medical technology and the improvement of people's attention to health, the average life expectancy of human beings increases and the mortality rate decreases, so human society is gradually formed into an aging society. The aging problem of a country or a region may lead to the shortage or decrease of social labor force and bring some negative effects in the development of regional economy. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, with a population of about 2.2 million, is the largest concentrated residence of Korean nationality in China. It is close to South Korea, Japan and Russia. It is located in a special environment and social culture. Therefore, in recent years, a large number of labor forces have flowed out of the country. In particular, the Korean labor force, which has an advantage in language, is increasing year by year. According to statistics, the Korean population in South Korea has reached more than half a million in 2014, and most of them are young and strong, while those who remain in Yanbian are obviously declining and tend to be aging. The birth rate in Yanbian is lower than the national average, which affects the population growth rate and population growth, as well as the growth of the labor force. The problem of aging caused by the environment and cultural particularity of Yanbian area is prominent. It is difficult to solve the negative impact of the aging problem. Yanbian government and Jilin provincial government need to attach great importance and relevant policy support. Therefore, this paper analyzes the aging problem in Yanbian area, and analyzes the impact of aging on Yanbian area economy. Although there are great differences and gaps between Japan and China in social system, economy and so on, the problems of social and economic changes faced by the two countries are very similar. Since the 1970s, Japan has appeared the phenomenon of social aging, and this phenomenon brings more and more serious problems. Japan has rich experience in alleviating or solving this kind of problems. In order to facilitate regional comparison, this paper takes Chiba Prefecture of Japan as an example to analyze the countermeasures to solve the problem of aging population in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and to provide policy reference for solving the problem of aging in Yanbian area. This paper also discusses the countermeasures and methods to alleviate or alleviate the negative social and economic impacts brought by the aging problem in Yanbian ethnic minority areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C924.24;F127

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