淇河鯽異速生長(zhǎng)、兩性異形和下咽骨形態(tài)學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-09 19:08
【摘要】：淇河鯽(Carassius auratus)隸屬鯉科,鯉亞科,鯽屬,銀鯽亞種。是自然的三倍體雌核發(fā)育鯽魚,產(chǎn)于河南省鶴壁市淇河,是河南省所特有的優(yōu)質(zhì)珍貴魚種,同時(shí)也是重點(diǎn)保護(hù)的珍稀和瀕危野生動(dòng)物。因淇河鯽具有生長(zhǎng)速度快、味道鮮美和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益高等特點(diǎn),使其成為很多學(xué)者的研究熱點(diǎn)。本研究通過采用形態(tài)學(xué)測(cè)量和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析相結(jié)合的方式研究淇河鯽早期生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的異速生長(zhǎng)模式,探討淇河鯽成魚形態(tài)學(xué)上的兩性異形,同時(shí)對(duì)淇河鯽的下咽骨和咽齒進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)描述和分析。目的是完善淇河鯽形態(tài)學(xué)研究,填補(bǔ)早期異速生長(zhǎng)和兩性異形研究的空白,為淇河鯽的基礎(chǔ)研究積累資料,為種質(zhì)資源鑒定和保護(hù)育種提供基礎(chǔ)材料。1.淇河鯽早期異速生長(zhǎng)所有數(shù)據(jù)分析采用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。采用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和回歸分析研究淇河鯽早期發(fā)育階段的生長(zhǎng)特性及異速生長(zhǎng)規(guī)律。結(jié)果顯示:全長(zhǎng)與日齡采用Logistic非線性回歸擬合效果最好,R2=0.985。淇河鯽仔、稚、幼魚的體高、體寬、頭長(zhǎng)和頭寬等與日齡的關(guān)系符合冪函數(shù)曲線擬合模型(P0.05)。各形態(tài)變量的早期生長(zhǎng)呈現(xiàn)出典型的異速生長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn)。2.淇河鯽形態(tài)學(xué)兩性異形采用協(xié)方差分析、多元判別分析和因子分析等方法研究淇河鯽形態(tài)特征的兩性異形。結(jié)果顯示:14個(gè)形態(tài)變量中有7個(gè)變量(體高、體寬、頭長(zhǎng)、吻長(zhǎng)、眼徑、眼后長(zhǎng)和尾柄長(zhǎng))在性別之間存在顯著差異(P0.05或P0.01)。雌性個(gè)體體長(zhǎng)大于雄性個(gè)體,雄性尾柄長(zhǎng)和尾柄高大于雌性,外部體型變量(體高、體寬和尾柄長(zhǎng))具有顯著的兩性異形。因子分析結(jié)果顯示13個(gè)形態(tài)變量可以提取3個(gè)因子,可以解釋原始變量總變異的72.5%。判別分析的總體正確判別率為80.4%~86.3%,交互檢驗(yàn)比回代檢驗(yàn)的性別正確判別率略低一些,為76.5%~78.4%。3.淇河鯽下咽骨和咽齒的形態(tài)學(xué)觀察和描述淇河鯽成魚下咽骨和咽齒的形態(tài)組合類型,采用單因素方差分析和主成分分析比較淇河鯽的咽齒與體型的性差。結(jié)果顯示:下咽骨形態(tài)變量和比值變量性差無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),多數(shù)下咽骨變量是雌性大于雄性。主成份分析結(jié)果顯示下咽骨7個(gè)變量可以提取4個(gè)因子,可以解釋原始變量總變異的88.45%,反映了變量之間的關(guān)聯(lián)程度。
[Abstract]:(Carassius auratus) belongs to Cyprinidae, Crucian Carp, Crucian Carp subspecies. Carassius auratus is a natural triploid gynogenetic crucian carp, produced in Qihe River, Hebi City, Henan Province. It is a unique species of high-quality and precious fish in Henan Province, and is also a rare and endangered wild animal under special protection. Owing to its rapid growth, delicious taste and high economic benefits, the Qihe crucian carp has become a hot research topic for many scholars. In this study, the heterokinetic growth pattern of Qihe crucian carp was studied by means of morphological measurement and statistical analysis, and the morphological heteromorphism of adult fish in Qihe crucian carp was discussed. At the same time, the lower pharyngeal bone and pharyngeal teeth of Qihe crucian carp were described and analyzed. The aim of this study was to improve the morphological study of Qihe crucian carp, to fill the gaps in the study of early heterokinetic growth and heteromorphism, to accumulate data for the basic research of Qihe crucian carp, and to provide basic materials for germplasm resources identification and conservation breeding. SPSS20.0 software was used to analyze all the data of early allometric growth in Qihe Crucian Carp (Crucian Carassius auratus). Descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis were used to study the growth characteristics and allometric growth of Qihe crucian carp during its early development. The results show that Logistic nonlinear regression is the best fitting method for full length and day age. The relationship between body height, body width, head length and head width and age was in accordance with the power function curve fitting model (P0.05). The early growth of various morphological variables showed typical allometric growth characteristics. 2. The morphological characteristics of crucian carp in Qihe were studied by means of covariance analysis, multivariate discriminant analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that 7 of the 14 morphological variables (body height, body width, head length, kiss length, eye diameter, posterior eye length and tail stalk length) were significantly different in sex (P0.05 or P0.01). The body length of female is larger than that of male, the length of male caudal stalk and the height of caudal stalk are larger than that of female, and the external somatotype variables (body height, body width and tail stalk length) have significant heteromorphism. The results of factor analysis showed that 13 morphological variables could extract 3 factors, which could explain 72.5% of the total variation of original variables. The overall correct discriminant rate of discriminant analysis was 80.4 and 86.3.The rate of gender correct discrimination in the interactive test was slightly lower than that in the back generation test, which was 76.58.40.3. Morphological observation of pharyngeal bone and pharyngeal teeth of Qihe crucian carp and description of morphological combination types of hypopharyngeal bone and pharynx tooth of adult crucian carp Qihe. The difference of pharyngeal tooth and shape of Qihe crucian carp was compared by single factor variance analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the morphological and ratio variables of hypopharyngeal bone (P0.05), and most of the hypopharyngeal bone variables were more common in female than in male. The results of principal component analysis showed that 4 factors could be extracted from 7 variables of hypopharyngeal bone, which could explain the total variation of original variable 88.45%, which reflected the degree of correlation between variables.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S917.4
本文編號(hào)：2260452
[Abstract]:(Carassius auratus) belongs to Cyprinidae, Crucian Carp, Crucian Carp subspecies. Carassius auratus is a natural triploid gynogenetic crucian carp, produced in Qihe River, Hebi City, Henan Province. It is a unique species of high-quality and precious fish in Henan Province, and is also a rare and endangered wild animal under special protection. Owing to its rapid growth, delicious taste and high economic benefits, the Qihe crucian carp has become a hot research topic for many scholars. In this study, the heterokinetic growth pattern of Qihe crucian carp was studied by means of morphological measurement and statistical analysis, and the morphological heteromorphism of adult fish in Qihe crucian carp was discussed. At the same time, the lower pharyngeal bone and pharyngeal teeth of Qihe crucian carp were described and analyzed. The aim of this study was to improve the morphological study of Qihe crucian carp, to fill the gaps in the study of early heterokinetic growth and heteromorphism, to accumulate data for the basic research of Qihe crucian carp, and to provide basic materials for germplasm resources identification and conservation breeding. SPSS20.0 software was used to analyze all the data of early allometric growth in Qihe Crucian Carp (Crucian Carassius auratus). Descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis were used to study the growth characteristics and allometric growth of Qihe crucian carp during its early development. The results show that Logistic nonlinear regression is the best fitting method for full length and day age. The relationship between body height, body width, head length and head width and age was in accordance with the power function curve fitting model (P0.05). The early growth of various morphological variables showed typical allometric growth characteristics. 2. The morphological characteristics of crucian carp in Qihe were studied by means of covariance analysis, multivariate discriminant analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that 7 of the 14 morphological variables (body height, body width, head length, kiss length, eye diameter, posterior eye length and tail stalk length) were significantly different in sex (P0.05 or P0.01). The body length of female is larger than that of male, the length of male caudal stalk and the height of caudal stalk are larger than that of female, and the external somatotype variables (body height, body width and tail stalk length) have significant heteromorphism. The results of factor analysis showed that 13 morphological variables could extract 3 factors, which could explain 72.5% of the total variation of original variables. The overall correct discriminant rate of discriminant analysis was 80.4 and 86.3.The rate of gender correct discrimination in the interactive test was slightly lower than that in the back generation test, which was 76.58.40.3. Morphological observation of pharyngeal bone and pharyngeal teeth of Qihe crucian carp and description of morphological combination types of hypopharyngeal bone and pharynx tooth of adult crucian carp Qihe. The difference of pharyngeal tooth and shape of Qihe crucian carp was compared by single factor variance analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the morphological and ratio variables of hypopharyngeal bone (P0.05), and most of the hypopharyngeal bone variables were more common in female than in male. The results of principal component analysis showed that 4 factors could be extracted from 7 variables of hypopharyngeal bone, which could explain the total variation of original variable 88.45%, which reflected the degree of correlation between variables.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S917.4
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