發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-11 06:04

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展,公用電網(wǎng)中的電氣化鐵路、電力機(jī)車等非線性負(fù)荷數(shù)量在不斷增加。然而,由于非線性負(fù)荷向電網(wǎng)注入大量的諧波,以致電網(wǎng)電壓、電流波形發(fā)生畸變。電網(wǎng)諧波不僅會(huì)危害供電網(wǎng)絡(luò)和用電設(shè)備,而且影響電能計(jì)量的準(zhǔn)確度,造成供電企業(yè)和線性用戶的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。從我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的電能計(jì)量相關(guān)政策以及所使用的電能計(jì)量裝置來(lái)看,在公用電網(wǎng)含有諧波時(shí),對(duì)于電能計(jì)量裝置的影響,諧波電能如何計(jì)量等問(wèn)題還有待解決。因此,設(shè)計(jì)一種區(qū)分基波、諧波的電能計(jì)量表計(jì),有助于提高對(duì)非線性用戶電能使用的監(jiān)測(cè)水平。監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)可作為諧波源分析的依據(jù),并為諧波電能收費(fèi)的合理性評(píng)估提供數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。本論文介紹了電網(wǎng)諧波所帶來(lái)的危害,主要討論了非線性負(fù)荷影響下的電能計(jì)量相關(guān)技術(shù),如諧波檢測(cè)方法、檢測(cè)裝置等方面。文中深入地對(duì)快速傅里葉變換算法及其所對(duì)應(yīng)的加窗插值修正算法進(jìn)行分析,并討論了一種全新的、很適用于嵌入式硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)的修正算法,對(duì)諧波分析具有重要的參考價(jià)值。本課題完成了諧波電能監(jiān)測(cè)裝置開發(fā),硬件采用ADC+AF RM結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)16位高精度AD芯片對(duì)電壓、電流進(jìn)行采樣,再使用具有浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算單元的ARM芯片進(jìn)行傅里葉變換和算法修正,將得到的諧波分析結(jié)果通過(guò)計(jì)算得到基波與諧波電能,最終在液晶屏上顯示測(cè)量結(jié)果。通過(guò)硬件裝置的實(shí)際運(yùn)行驗(yàn)證了數(shù)據(jù)采樣分析流程,運(yùn)行狀況表明：所討論的加窗插值算法具有高效性。最后,搭建了非線性電路測(cè)試所設(shè)計(jì)的諧波電能計(jì)量表計(jì),將其和0.2%精度的電能質(zhì)量分析儀所測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過(guò)對(duì)基波、各次諧波含量,及其所對(duì)應(yīng)的幅值、頻率等信息進(jìn)行分析結(jié)果表明：所設(shè)計(jì)的諧波電能計(jì)量硬件裝置的精度具備與對(duì)比裝置精度(0.2%)相當(dāng),符合GB/T14595-93中的A類測(cè)量?jī)x表的精度要求。本課題的研究成果如加窗插值算法、電能計(jì)量硬件裝置,對(duì)于諧波電能計(jì)量具有重要的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrial modernization, the number of nonlinear loads such as electrified railways and electric locomotives in public power network is increasing. However, because the nonlinear load injects a lot of harmonics into the network, the voltage and current waveforms are distorted. Power grid harmonic will not only harm the power supply network and power equipment, but also affect the accuracy of power measurement, resulting in economic losses of power supply enterprises and linear users. According to the related policies of electric energy metering in our country and the electric energy metering devices used, the influence of harmonics on the power metering devices and how to measure the harmonic energy still need to be solved when there are harmonics in the public power grid. Therefore, the design of an electric energy meter to distinguish fundamental and harmonic waves is helpful to improve the monitoring level of power consumption for nonlinear users. The monitoring data can be used as the basis of harmonic source analysis and provide the data basis for the rationality evaluation of harmonic energy charge. In this paper, the harms brought by harmonic in power grid are introduced, and the related technologies of electric energy measurement under the influence of nonlinear load are discussed, such as harmonic detection method, detection device and so on. In this paper, the fast Fourier transform algorithm and its corresponding windowed interpolation correction algorithm are deeply analyzed, and a new correction algorithm is discussed, which is very suitable for embedded hardware implementation. It has important reference value for harmonic analysis. In this paper, the harmonic power monitoring device is developed. The hardware adopts ADC AF RM structure. The voltage and current are sampled by 16-bit high-precision AD chip, and then the ARM chip with floating-point operation unit is used to carry out Fourier transform and algorithm correction. The harmonic analysis results are calculated to get the fundamental wave and harmonic energy, and finally the measurement results are displayed on the liquid crystal screen. The flow of data sampling and analysis is verified by the actual operation of the hardware device. The running results show that the windowed interpolation algorithm discussed in this paper has high efficiency. Finally, the harmonic power meter designed for nonlinear circuit testing is built and compared with the measured data of 0.2% precision power quality analyzer. By analyzing the fundamental wave, harmonic content, amplitude and frequency, the results show that the precision of the hardware device is equivalent to that of the contrast device (0.2%). Meet the precision requirements of class A measuring instruments in GB/T14595-93. The research results of this paper, such as windowed interpolation algorithm, electric energy measurement hardware device, have important reference value for harmonic energy measurement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM933.4

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