【摘要】：隨著綜合國(guó)力迅速提升,我國(guó)進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè),興建了數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的公路橋梁,為整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了有力支撐。然而,國(guó)內(nèi)外歷次大地震中有大量公路橋梁發(fā)生破壞,這會(huì)極大地降低公路交通的通行能力,嚴(yán)重阻礙應(yīng)急救援工作和城市日常生活。我國(guó)是受地震災(zāi)害最多的國(guó)家之一,因此,在我國(guó)開(kāi)展公路橋梁地震易損性研究具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文在對(duì)汶川地震公路橋梁調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)深度挖掘整理和全面歸納總結(jié)之基礎(chǔ)上,采用多種方法比較系統(tǒng)地研究了當(dāng)代公路橋梁的地震易損性,還開(kāi)展了基于公路橋梁震害評(píng)定地震烈度的研究,旨在更好地服務(wù)于公路橋梁的震害預(yù)測(cè)和損失評(píng)估、震后可恢復(fù)性研究、交通系統(tǒng)的地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,以及應(yīng)急救災(zāi)決策的制定和完善抗震設(shè)計(jì)理論等工作,從而達(dá)到減輕橋梁震害和提高救援效率之目的。論文主要完成了以下工作:1.針對(duì)低烈度區(qū)公路橋梁調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)不完備,遺漏大量基本完好橋梁的實(shí)際情況,按照烈度區(qū)面積與調(diào)查橋梁數(shù)量相近的原則對(duì)低烈度區(qū)的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充估計(jì),利用常見(jiàn)的幾種經(jīng)驗(yàn)分布函數(shù)擬合了破壞概率直方圖,對(duì)公路橋梁的易損性矩陣進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),還分析了地震地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的影響。2.合理地估計(jì)了橋址處的PGA數(shù)值,基于補(bǔ)充后的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)建立了一系列“橋梁-破壞等級(jí)-橋址處PGA”樣本對(duì),采用最大似然估計(jì)法確定了易損性函數(shù)中的待定參數(shù),給出了汶川地震公路橋梁的經(jīng)驗(yàn)易損性曲線,比較分析了拱橋與梁橋之間的易損性差異,并探討了橋梁規(guī)模對(duì)易損性的影響。3.基于SAP2000建立了9種工況下的連續(xù)梁橋有限元分析模型,選取36條典型地震動(dòng)記錄為輸入,考慮支座和橋墩的非線性行為,進(jìn)行了橋梁非線性時(shí)程分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上首先建立了支座和橋墩兩種構(gòu)件的易損性曲線,隨后利用一階界限法合成了整座連續(xù)梁橋的易損性曲線,并討論了不同支承方式對(duì)地震易損性的影響,同時(shí)驗(yàn)證了橋梁規(guī)模對(duì)地震易損性的影響規(guī)律。4.通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)整理近2000座公路橋梁的詳實(shí)震害資料,分別得到了拱橋和梁橋的主要震害類型,探討了它們的發(fā)生概率與不同地震烈度的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,分析了關(guān)鍵構(gòu)件的破壞程度隨地震烈度的變化規(guī)律。最后,以橋梁破壞等級(jí)和典型震害的形式分別提出了評(píng)定地震烈度的建議指標(biāo),并進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析和驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:With the rapid improvement of comprehensive national strength, China has carried out large-scale highway network construction and built tens of thousands of highway bridges, which provides a strong support for the sustainable development of the whole economy and society. However, a large number of highway bridges have been destroyed in the past major earthquakes at home and abroad, which will greatly reduce the capacity of highway traffic and seriously hinder the emergency rescue work and daily life of the city. China is one of the countries most affected by earthquake disasters. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the seismic vulnerability of highway bridges in China. On the basis of deep mining and summing up the survey data of highway bridges in Wenchuan earthquake, this paper systematically studies the seismic vulnerability of contemporary highway bridges by using various methods. In order to better serve the earthquake disaster prediction and loss assessment of highway bridges, the research of earthquake intensity assessment based on highway bridges is also carried out, and the research on recoverability after earthquake, the analysis of seismic risk in traffic system is also carried out. In order to reduce the earthquake damage of bridges and improve the efficiency of rescue, it is necessary to formulate the decision of emergency relief and perfect the theory of seismic design. The thesis has accomplished the following work: 1: 1. In view of the fact that the survey data of highway bridges in low intensity area are not complete and a large number of basic intact bridges are missing, according to the principle that the area of intensity area is close to the number of investigated bridges, the survey data of low intensity area is estimated by supplementary estimation. The damage probability histogram is fitted by using several common empirical distribution functions, the vulnerability matrix of highway bridges is improved, and the influence of seismic geological hazards. The PGA value at the bridge site is reasonably estimated, and a series of "bridge damage grade-bridge site PGA" sample pairs are established based on the supplementary survey data. The undetermined parameters in the vulnerability function are determined by the maximum likelihood estimation method. The empirical vulnerability curves of highway bridges in Wenchuan earthquake are given, the differences between arch bridges and beam bridges are compared and analyzed, and the influence of bridge size on vulnerability is discussed. Based on SAP2000, the finite element analysis model of continuous beam bridge under 9 working conditions is established. 36 typical ground motion records are selected as input, and the nonlinear behavior of support and pier is considered, and the nonlinear time history analysis of bridge is carried out. On the basis of this, the vulnerability curves of two kinds of components, bearing and pier, are first established, then the vulnerability curves of the whole continuous beam bridge are synthesized by the first order limit method, and the influence of different supporting modes on the seismic vulnerability is discussed. At the same time, the influence of bridge size on earthquake vulnerability is verified. Based on the detailed earthquake damage data of nearly 2000 highway bridges, the main damage types of arch bridge and beam bridge are obtained, and the corresponding relationship between their occurrence probability and different earthquake intensity is discussed. The variation law of the damage degree of key components with earthquake intensity is analyzed. Finally, in the form of bridge damage grade and typical earthquake damage, the suggested indexes for evaluating seismic intensity are put forward, and compared and verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局工程力學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U442.55
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本文編號(hào)：2225875