【摘要】：蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)在促進(jìn)山西省農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和推動經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方面起著不可替代的作用,已經(jīng)成為山西省的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。近年來,運(yùn)城市憑借其優(yōu)越的自然條件優(yōu)勢,蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)迅猛發(fā)展。但依舊存在一些與可持續(xù)發(fā)展概念不相符的問題,例如果園密度較大、土壤管理薄弱、果園常規(guī)管理技術(shù)落后等。本文以不同的土壤管理方式為切入點(diǎn),通過對運(yùn)城市重點(diǎn)縣區(qū)的蘋果園進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì),選取運(yùn)城的鹽湖區(qū),臨猗、夏縣、聞喜等地的具有代表性的11戶果園,對其蘋果園的土壤管理方式、樹齡、種植面積、栽植密度、產(chǎn)量、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等情況進(jìn)行全面調(diào)研。同時,對不同土壤管理的果園土樣及其果實(shí)品質(zhì)進(jìn)行檢測分析,探討果園管理的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益及對土壤理化性狀及其果實(shí)品質(zhì)的影響,旨在為運(yùn)城市蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供建議依據(jù)。調(diào)研結(jié)果如下：運(yùn)城地區(qū)的土壤管理方式主要以自然生草為主,占到55%,對果園進(jìn)行清耕管理的目前還有9%左右。人工種草這種管理模式,這種管理方式占到18%。通過對不同土壤管理下土壤理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析得出：(1)清耕園的pH最高,自然生草園的pH最低,自然生草園較之于清耕園的pH差異顯著。說明生草確實(shí)對土壤的pH有很大的影響,使土壤pH值明顯降低。(2)生草使土壤Ec值降低,降低了土壤中鹽分含量。(3)生草模式管理下的土壤結(jié)構(gòu)較好,不易板結(jié)。生草對于疏松土壤,降低土壤容重有很大的影響。(4)生草園的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量明顯比清耕園的高,能提高果園的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì),顯著提升土壤肥力。(5)生草有利于果品品質(zhì)的不斷提高,對于提高果品的市場競爭力有重要作用。運(yùn)城36%果園的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)甚至不到1%。果農(nóng)對地下管理方面薄弱,長期大量使用化肥,土壤肥力下降的趨勢并未得到緩解。生草雖然不能直接給果園帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,但可以改良土壤,降低土壤容重,蓄水保墑、改善果園小氣候、果實(shí)品質(zhì)有明顯的提升,是一項(xiàng)適合現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的新技術(shù),以后還需開發(fā)適合運(yùn)城地區(qū)的生草模式,并將其大力推廣。同時加大間伐力度和產(chǎn)后管理體系,對密閉果園改造的工程也需要進(jìn)一步去完成,才能使運(yùn)城的蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)更上一個平臺。
[Abstract]:Apple industry plays an irreplaceable role in promoting agricultural development and economic development in Shanxi Province and has become a pillar industry in Shanxi Province. In recent years, Yuncheng with its superior natural conditions advantage, Apple industry rapid development. However, there are still some problems which are inconsistent with the concept of sustainable development, such as high density of orchard, weak soil management, backward conventional management techniques and so on. This paper takes different soil management methods as the breakthrough point, through the on-the-spot investigation and statistics to the apple orchard in the key counties of Yuncheng City, selects the representative 11 orchards in Yanhu District, Linyi County, Xia County and Wenxi County of Yuncheng City. The soil management, age, planting area, planting density, yield and economic benefit of apple orchard were investigated. At the same time, the soil samples of different soil management and their fruit quality were tested and analyzed, and the economic benefits of orchard management and the effects on soil physical and chemical properties and fruit quality were discussed, in order to provide suggestions for the development of apple industry in Yuncheng city. The results are as follows: in Yuncheng area, natural grass is the main way of soil management, accounting for 55%, and there are about 9% of orchard cleared. Manual recommendation of this management model, this type of management accounts for 18. Through the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties under different soil management, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the pH of the clear tillage orchard is the highest, the pH of the natural grass orchard is the lowest, and the pH of the natural grass orchard is significantly different from that of the pure tillage orchard. The results showed that grass had a great effect on the pH of soil, and the pH value of soil was obviously decreased. (2) the soil EC value was decreased and the salt content in soil was decreased. (3) the soil structure was better and it was not easy to form the soil under the grass growing model management. Raw grass has great influence on loose soil and reducing soil bulk density. (4) the content of organic matter in raw grass orchard is obviously higher than that in clear tillage orchard, which can increase soil organic matter in orchard and improve soil fertility significantly. (5) Raw grass is beneficial to the continuous improvement of fruit quality. To improve the market competitiveness of fruit has an important role. Yuncheng 36% of the orchard soil organic matter even less than 1. The decline of soil fertility has not been alleviated by the heavy use of chemical fertilizer for a long time. Although the raw grass can not directly bring economic benefits to the orchard, it can improve the soil, reduce the bulk density of the soil, store water and preserve soil moisture, improve the microclimate of the orchard, and improve the fruit quality obviously. It is a new technology suitable for the development of modern agriculture. In the future, it is necessary to develop a grass-growing model suitable for Yuncheng area and popularize it vigorously. At the same time, increasing the intensity of thinning and postpartum management system, the transformation of closed orchard also needs to be further completed, in order to make Yuncheng's apple industry a better platform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S661.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 徐乃千;張敏;繆君翔;;贛南地區(qū)果園經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下水土保持研究進(jìn)展[J];南方農(nóng)機(jī);2017年21期

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本文編號：2192187