【摘要】：西北太平洋的海洋漁業(yè)產(chǎn)量在糧農(nóng)組織統(tǒng)計區(qū)域中一直是最高產(chǎn)區(qū)域,掌握該海域漁業(yè)資源現(xiàn)狀,從而科學指導漁船的生產(chǎn),將有利于提高我國遠洋漁船的經(jīng)濟效益和綜合競爭力,以及實現(xiàn)我國遠洋漁業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。2015年4月~6月及2016年5月~7月,通過租用的兩艘遠洋漁船對該海域35°N~43°N、147°E~160°E范圍進行了大面定點的燈光圍網(wǎng)調(diào)查以及走航式聲學調(diào)查,聲學儀器采用科學探魚儀SIMRAD EY60(70 kHz),聲學數(shù)據(jù)后處理軟件為ECHOVIEW 5.3。通過分析漁業(yè)聲學數(shù)據(jù),并結(jié)合燈光圍網(wǎng)采樣和生物學測定數(shù)據(jù),對春季和夏季調(diào)查區(qū)域游泳動物總生物量及主要評估種類生物量做了初步評估與分析,結(jié)果表明:(1)春季聲學調(diào)查總面積約2.50×105 nmi~2,調(diào)查海域總生物量為2.23×10~6 t,平均總生物量密度為8905 kg/nmi~2,主要集中在40°N附近的第3、4個斷面上(39°N~41°N)。主要漁場位于150°E~153°E、39°N~41°N之間。主要評估生物種類中,日本鯖(Scomber japonicus)生物量為1.26×10~6 t,平均生物量密度是5040 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的58.1%;日本烏魴(Brama japonica)生物量為2.25×105 t,平均生物量密度是900 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的10.3%;太平洋褶柔魚(Todarodes pacificus)生物量為2.07×105 t,平均生物量密度是828 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的9.5%;遠東擬沙丁魚(Sardinops sagax)生物量為1.15×105 t,平均生物量密度是460 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的5.3%;大麻哈魚(Oncorhynchus keta)生物量為1.10×105 t,平均生物量密度是440 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的5.0%;燈籠魚科魚類(Myctophidae)生物量為1.73×105 t,平均生物量密度是692 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的7.9%;日本爪烏賊(Onychoteuthis borealijaponica)生物量為8.35×104 t,平均生物量密度是334 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的3.8%。(2)夏季聲學調(diào)查總面積約2.96×105 nmi~2,調(diào)查海域評估生物總生物量為7.91×10~6 t,平均總生物量密度為26723 kg/nmi~2,主要集中在39°N斷面上(38°N~40°N)。主要漁場位于153°E~156°E、40°N~43°N之間。主要評估生物種類中,日本鯖生物量為1.78×10~6 t,平均生物量密度是6014 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的22.5%;柔魚(Ommastrephes bartrami)生物量為5.23×10~6 t,平均生物量密度是17669 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的66.1%;日本烏魴生物量為8.93×104 t,平均生物量密度是302 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的1.13%;日本爪烏賊生物量為9.19×104 t,平均生物量密度是310 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的1.16%;遠東擬沙丁魚生物量為7.51×104 t,平均生物量密度是254kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的0.95%;大麻哈魚生物量為2.14×105 t,平均生物量密度是723kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的2.71%;燈籠魚科魚類生物量為6.08×104 t,平均生物量密度是205 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的0.77%;圓湽屬魚類(Decapterus)(長體圓湽和紅鰭圓湽)生物量為9.82×104 t,平均生物量密度是332 kg/nmi~2,占總生物量的1.21%。本文通過對春夏兩季西北太平洋海域的漁業(yè)資源量進行聲學評估,比較分析了主要評估生物種類資源量大小及其分布隨季節(jié)的變化。既是對西北太平洋漁業(yè)資源的評估同時也開拓了我國漁業(yè)聲學方法在遠洋中的應用,另外,漁場分布亦可為指導漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)等提供科學依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The output of Marine Fisheries in the Northwest Pacific Ocean has always been the highest yield area in the FAO statistical area. To grasp the status quo of fishery resources in this area and to guide the production of fishing vessels scientifically will be conducive to improving the economic efficiency and comprehensive competitiveness of our pelagic fishing vessels and achieving the sustainable development of our pelagic fisheries. From May to July, 16 years, light enclosure survey and navigational acoustic survey were carried out by two chartered pelagic fishing vessels in the 35 N 43 N and 147 E 160 E areas. The acoustic instruments were SIMRAD EY60 (70 kHz), and the acoustic data processing software was ECHOVIEW 5.3. The total biomass of swimming animals and the biomass of the main evaluated species in spring and summer were evaluated and analyzed by light purse seine sampling and biological measurement. The results showed that: (1) The total area of acoustic survey in spring was about 2.50 65507 The biomass of Scomber japonicus was 1.26 x 10~6 t, the average biomass density was 5040 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 58.1% of the total biomass, and the biomass of Brama japonica was 2.25%. * 105 T, the average biomass density was 900 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 10.3% of the total biomass. The biomass of Todarodes pacificus was 2.07 * 105 T, the average biomass density was 828 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 9.5% of the total biomass; the Far East sardine (Sardinops sagax) biomass was 1.15 * 105 T, and the average biomass density was 460 kg/nmi~2, accounting for the total population. The biomass of Oncorhynchus keta was 1.10 x 105 t, the average biomass density was 440 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 5.0% of the total biomass, Myctophidae was 1.73 x 105 t, the average biomass density was 692 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 7.9% of the total biomass, and Onychouthis Borealis japonica was 1.73 x 105 t. The average biomass density was 334 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 3.8% of the total biomass. (2) The total area of acoustical survey in summer was about 2.96 x 105 nmi~2. The total biomass was 7.91 x 10~6 T and the average biomass density was 26723 kg/nmi~2. The main fishing grounds were located at 153 E~156 E and 40 N~156 E, respectively. The biomass of mackerel (Mackerel japonica) was 1.78 6550 The biomass density was 302 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 1.13% of the total biomass. The biomass of Japanese cuttlefish was 9.19 x 104 T, the average biomass density was 310 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 1.16% of the total biomass. The biomass of the Far East sardine was 7.51 x 104 T, the average biomass density was 254kg/nmi~2, accounting for 0.95% of the total biomass, and the biomass of the salmon was 2.14, 105 T, and average. The biomass density was 723 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 2.71% of the total biomass; the biomass density of Lantern Fishes was 6.08 *104 t, and the average biomass density was 205 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 0.77% of the total biomass; the biomass of Decapterus (Rhododendron spp.) was 9.82 *104 t, and the average biomass density was 332 kg/nmi~2, accounting for 1.21% of the total biomass. Based on the acoustic evaluation of the fishery resources in the Northwest Pacific Ocean in spring and summer, this paper compares and analyzes the seasonal variation of the biomass resources and their distribution in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. It can provide scientific basis for guiding fishery production.
【學位授予單位】：國家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S932
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本文編號：2177690