【摘要】：本研究以陜西省西安市為研究區(qū)域,采用經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計(jì)法、地統(tǒng)計(jì)法和GIS技術(shù)相結(jié)合的方法,首先對(duì)研究區(qū)土壤pH、OM、TN、AP和AK等養(yǎng)分進(jìn)行空間變異特征分析,并根據(jù)獼猴桃、石榴、葡萄和甜瓜等特色經(jīng)濟(jì)作物生長(zhǎng)對(duì)自然環(huán)境條件的要求,建立包括立地條件、土壤養(yǎng)分狀況、土壤性狀和農(nóng)田管理等要素的作物土地適宜性評(píng)價(jià)層次模型及隸屬函數(shù)模型,完成對(duì)研究區(qū)特色經(jīng)濟(jì)作物土地適宜性評(píng)價(jià)研究。研究結(jié)果表明:1.耕地表層土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、速效鉀和有效磷的平均含量分別為16.97g/kg、0.97g/kg、164.58 mg/kg、22.99 mg/kg,整體上處于中等水平。研究區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分及pH的變異水平依次為:有效磷速效鉀全氮有機(jī)質(zhì)pH。2.耕地表層土壤主要呈中性偏堿性,在大體上呈現(xiàn)出東北偏堿西南偏酸性格局。耕地土壤的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量均屬中等偏下水平。速效鉀含量非常豐富,但分布極不均勻。有效磷含量總體上呈現(xiàn)東南偏低,西部、東北偏高的格局。3.對(duì)獼猴桃、石榴、葡萄、甜瓜等特色經(jīng)濟(jì)作物進(jìn)行土地適宜性評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果如下:1)高度適宜獼猴桃栽植的耕地占14.67%。主要分布在長(zhǎng)安、周至、戶縣,;適宜栽植的耕地占總49.24%,各縣(區(qū))均有分布,臨潼、戶縣、周至和長(zhǎng)安較大;勉強(qiáng)適宜栽植的耕地占16.53%,主要分布臨潼、藍(lán)田兩縣(區(qū)),不適宜栽植的耕地占19.56%,主要分布在藍(lán)田、臨潼。2)高度適宜石榴種植的農(nóng)田占54.25%,各縣區(qū)均有分布,臨潼區(qū)、長(zhǎng)安區(qū)、戶縣和周至縣分布較多;適宜種植的農(nóng)田占25.85%,藍(lán)田、長(zhǎng)安分布較多;勉強(qiáng)適宜種植的農(nóng)田占10.21%,主要分布在藍(lán)田、臨潼區(qū);不適宜種植的耕地占9.69%。集中分布在藍(lán)田、臨潼。3)高度適宜葡萄耕種的耕地占36.65%,集中在臨潼、長(zhǎng)安、戶縣與周至;適宜耕種的耕地占38.19%,長(zhǎng)安和周至所占面積較大,灞橋、閻良和高陵面積則很小;勉強(qiáng)適宜耕種的耕地占13.41%,集中在藍(lán)田、臨潼;不適宜耕種的耕地占11.75%,大部分位于藍(lán)田、臨潼區(qū)。4)高度適宜甜瓜種植的農(nóng)田占52.32%。主要分布在臨潼、戶縣、長(zhǎng)安和周至;適宜種植的農(nóng)田占27.06%,長(zhǎng)安、藍(lán)田、臨潼和周至分布較多;勉強(qiáng)適宜種植的農(nóng)田占10.29%,藍(lán)田縣分布;不適宜種植的耕地占10.34%,集中分布在藍(lán)田、臨潼和周至。
[Abstract]:In this study, Xi'an City of Shaanxi Province was used as the study area. The methods of classical statistics, geostatistics and GIS were used to analyze the spatial variation characteristics of soil nutrients, such as pH OMN, AP and AK, and according to kiwifruit and pomegranate. The requirements of the growth of special cash crops such as grape and melon on the natural environment conditions were established. The evaluation hierarchy model and membership function model of crop land suitability including site conditions, soil nutrient status, soil characters and farmland management were established. The study on land suitability evaluation of special cash crops in the study area was completed. The results of the study show that 1: 1. The average contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus in surface soil of cultivated land were 16.97g / kg 0.97g 路kg ~ (-1) 0.97 mg / kg ~ (-1) 164.58 mg / kg ~ (22.99) mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1), respectively. The variation levels of soil nutrients and pH in the study area were as follows: available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen and organic matter pH.2. The surface soil of cultivated land is mainly neutral and alkaline, and shows an acidic pattern in the northeast and southwest. The content of organic matter in cultivated soil was medium and lower. The available potassium content is very rich, but the distribution is extremely uneven. The content of available phosphorus was lower in the southeast, higher in the west and higher in the northeast. The land suitability of kiwifruit, pomegranate, grape and melon was evaluated. The results were as follows: (1) the cultivated land suitable for kiwifruit cultivation was 14.67%. Mainly distributed in Changan, Zhouzhi, Huxian County; suitable cultivated land accounted for 49.24% of the total, all counties (districts) were distributed, Lintong, Huxian, Zhou Zhi and Chang'an were relatively large; the proportion of cultivated land barely suitable for planting was 16.53, mainly in Lintong, In the two counties (districts), the unsuitable cultivated land accounted for 19.56%, mainly distributed in Lantian and Lintong .2) 54.25% of the farmland was highly suitable for pomegranate cultivation, each county and district were distributed, Lintong District, Chang'an District, Huxian County and Zhouzhi County distributed more; The suitable cropland is 25.85, the Lantian, Changan is more, the barely suitable farmland is 10.21, mainly distributes in Lantian, Lintong district, the unsuitable cultivated land accounts for 9.69%. In Lantian, Lintong .3) the cultivated land that is highly suitable for grape cultivation accounts for 36.65, and concentrated in Lintong, Changan, Huxian and Zhou Solstice, the cultivated land suitable for cultivation is 38.19, the area of Changan and Zhou Zhi is larger, the area of Baqiao, Yan Liang and Gao Ling is very small. The cultivated land which was barely suitable for cultivation was 13.41%, concentrated in Lantian and Lintong, and 11.75% in unfit farmland, most of which was located in Lantian, Lintong District.) 52.32% of the cultivated land was highly suitable for muskmelon cultivation. Mainly distributed in Lintong, Huxian, Chang'an and Zhouzhi; suitable farmland accounted for 27.06, Chang'an, Lantian, Lintong and Zhouzhi distributed more; barely suitable farmland accounted for 10.29, and Lantian County distributed; unsuitable cultivated land accounted for 10.34 and concentrated in Lantian, Lintong and Zhou Chang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S60

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