黑龍江省對(duì)外貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-15 19:14
【摘要】：自中國加入WTO后,不僅逐漸成為了國際上的進(jìn)出口大國,并且在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的熱潮中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。中國每年的進(jìn)出口額在不斷的增長,但中國在國際貿(mào)易中并不是優(yōu)勢(shì)大國,對(duì)外貿(mào)易直接影響著一個(gè)國家在國際經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位。對(duì)外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展不僅取決于國家和地域的對(duì)外貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展和優(yōu)化,而且在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新過程中,對(duì)外貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展及優(yōu)化也得到國家及各地方政府的高度重視。保持對(duì)外貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)在國際經(jīng)濟(jì)中不斷的優(yōu)化調(diào)整,從而確保國家或地域的對(duì)外貿(mào)易產(chǎn)業(yè)的長期穩(wěn)固的發(fā)展。改革開放后,黑龍江省對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)得到了進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。黑龍江省在中國屬農(nóng)業(yè)大省面積46萬平方公里。黑龍江省是我國重要的工業(yè)基地,并擁有糧食、煤炭、石油、林業(yè)、醫(yī)藥和機(jī)械等資源。在糧食產(chǎn)量中,近幾年來一直居于全國首位。在國家及政府政策的支持調(diào)整下,使改革開放前曾經(jīng)的北大荒變成了北大倉糧油大省。黑龍江省所處位置與俄羅斯、朝鮮、韓國、日本毗鄰,地理位置為對(duì)外貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展起到了重要的作用。隨著黑龍江省經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,使我省已與世界上140多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)建立了貿(mào)易伙伴關(guān)系,根據(jù)近幾年海關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì),黑龍江省的對(duì)外貿(mào)易客戶發(fā)展到5200多家,出口商品近4500個(gè)品種。由于黑龍江省占據(jù)著地理位置的優(yōu)勢(shì),與俄羅斯、日本、韓國為主要的對(duì)外貿(mào)易伙伴,隨著對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,開拓港澳臺(tái)及東南亞、美國、歐盟等國家和地區(qū)的多元化市場(chǎng)。黑龍江省經(jīng)過了改革開放后的經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整,在外貿(mào)總量、外貿(mào)結(jié)構(gòu)、外貿(mào)方式、外貿(mào)市場(chǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)上得到了顯著的改善與提高。盡管黑龍江省對(duì)外貿(mào)易近幾年來取得了進(jìn)步與發(fā)展,但從海關(guān)整體數(shù)據(jù)上顯示并不是很理想,發(fā)展并不穩(wěn)定,存著很多問題和制約因素。根據(jù)黑龍江省現(xiàn)有的資源優(yōu)勢(shì),應(yīng)合理優(yōu)化和調(diào)整黑龍江省產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu),推動(dòng)發(fā)展適合黑龍江省對(duì)外貿(mào)易的多元化發(fā)展,黑龍江省經(jīng)濟(jì)長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展意義主要體現(xiàn)在國際貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)和本省國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展上。本文針對(duì)黑龍江經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展,結(jié)合相關(guān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論,對(duì)外貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化調(diào)整,分析研究黑龍江對(duì)外貿(mào)易的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展;主要包括黑龍江省對(duì)外貿(mào)易的總體國際經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展方向、對(duì)外貿(mào)易的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、對(duì)外貿(mào)易的所處地域資源便利條件,以及對(duì)外貿(mào)易的市場(chǎng)商品結(jié)構(gòu)及技術(shù)發(fā)展創(chuàng)新作為主要的分析研究方向。根據(jù)黑龍江省老工業(yè)基地優(yōu)勢(shì)條件為基礎(chǔ),大力發(fā)揮自然生態(tài)資源優(yōu)勢(shì),開拓多元化國際市場(chǎng)。在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下進(jìn)行產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,重視傳統(tǒng)對(duì)外貿(mào)易市場(chǎng)的同時(shí),不斷開拓歐盟、東盟、非洲等發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家市場(chǎng)。
[Abstract]:Since China joined WTO, it has not only become an international import and export country, but also played an important role in the upsurge of economic globalization. China's import and export volume is increasing every year, but China is not a dominant country in international trade. Foreign trade directly affects the position of a country in the international economy. The development of foreign trade depends not only on the development and optimization of national and regional foreign trade structure, but also on the development and optimization of foreign trade structure in the process of industrial structure and technological innovation. Keep the structure of foreign trade optimized and adjusted in the international economy so as to ensure the long-term stable development of the foreign trade industry of the country or region. After reforming and opening, Heilongjiang Province foreign trade economy got further development. Heilongjiang Province is an agricultural province in China with an area of 460000 square kilometers. Heilongjiang Province is an important industrial base in China, and has food, coal, oil, forestry, medicine and machinery resources. In grain production, in recent years has been ranked first in the country. With the support of national and government policies, the northern famine before reform and opening up has become a big province of grain and oil in Beitakang. Heilongjiang Province is adjacent to Russia, Korea, South Korea and Japan, and its geographical position plays an important role in the development of foreign trade structure. With the continuous development of Heilongjiang economy and the adjustment of economic industrial structure, our province has established a trade partnership with more than 140 countries and regions in the world. According to the statistics of customs data in recent years, Heilongjiang Province's foreign trade customers to more than 5200, exports nearly 4500 varieties. Because Heilongjiang province occupies the advantage of geographical position, with Russia, Japan, Korea as the main foreign trade partner, with the development of foreign economy, open up the diversified markets of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, the United States, the European Union and other countries and regions. After the economic and industrial adjustment after reform and opening up in Heilongjiang Province, the total amount of foreign trade, the structure of foreign trade, the mode of foreign trade and the structure of foreign trade market have been improved and improved significantly. Although the foreign trade of Heilongjiang Province has made progress and development in recent years, it is not very ideal from the overall customs data, the development is not stable, there are a lot of problems and constraints. According to the existing resource advantages of Heilongjiang Province, we should rationally optimize and adjust the industrial economic structure of Heilongjiang Province, and promote the development of a diversified development suitable for Heilongjiang Province's foreign trade. The long-term economic development of Heilongjiang Province is mainly reflected in the international trade economy and the development of the province's national economy. Aiming at the development of Heilongjiang's economic structure, this paper analyzes and studies the present situation and development of Heilongjiang's foreign trade, combining with the relevant economic theory and the optimization and adjustment of foreign trade structure. Mainly including the overall development direction of the international economic structure of foreign trade in Heilongjiang Province, the adjustment of the market economic structure of foreign trade, the convenient conditions of regional resources for foreign trade, And foreign trade market commodity structure and technological development and innovation as the main direction of analysis and research. On the basis of the advantages of the old industrial base in Heilongjiang Province, the advantages of natural ecological resources are brought into full play and diversified international markets are developed. Under the market economy system, we should optimize the industrial structure, attach importance to the traditional foreign trade market, and constantly open up the markets of the developed and developing countries, such as the European Union, ASEAN, Africa and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F752.8
本文編號(hào)：2125110
[Abstract]:Since China joined WTO, it has not only become an international import and export country, but also played an important role in the upsurge of economic globalization. China's import and export volume is increasing every year, but China is not a dominant country in international trade. Foreign trade directly affects the position of a country in the international economy. The development of foreign trade depends not only on the development and optimization of national and regional foreign trade structure, but also on the development and optimization of foreign trade structure in the process of industrial structure and technological innovation. Keep the structure of foreign trade optimized and adjusted in the international economy so as to ensure the long-term stable development of the foreign trade industry of the country or region. After reforming and opening, Heilongjiang Province foreign trade economy got further development. Heilongjiang Province is an agricultural province in China with an area of 460000 square kilometers. Heilongjiang Province is an important industrial base in China, and has food, coal, oil, forestry, medicine and machinery resources. In grain production, in recent years has been ranked first in the country. With the support of national and government policies, the northern famine before reform and opening up has become a big province of grain and oil in Beitakang. Heilongjiang Province is adjacent to Russia, Korea, South Korea and Japan, and its geographical position plays an important role in the development of foreign trade structure. With the continuous development of Heilongjiang economy and the adjustment of economic industrial structure, our province has established a trade partnership with more than 140 countries and regions in the world. According to the statistics of customs data in recent years, Heilongjiang Province's foreign trade customers to more than 5200, exports nearly 4500 varieties. Because Heilongjiang province occupies the advantage of geographical position, with Russia, Japan, Korea as the main foreign trade partner, with the development of foreign economy, open up the diversified markets of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, the United States, the European Union and other countries and regions. After the economic and industrial adjustment after reform and opening up in Heilongjiang Province, the total amount of foreign trade, the structure of foreign trade, the mode of foreign trade and the structure of foreign trade market have been improved and improved significantly. Although the foreign trade of Heilongjiang Province has made progress and development in recent years, it is not very ideal from the overall customs data, the development is not stable, there are a lot of problems and constraints. According to the existing resource advantages of Heilongjiang Province, we should rationally optimize and adjust the industrial economic structure of Heilongjiang Province, and promote the development of a diversified development suitable for Heilongjiang Province's foreign trade. The long-term economic development of Heilongjiang Province is mainly reflected in the international trade economy and the development of the province's national economy. Aiming at the development of Heilongjiang's economic structure, this paper analyzes and studies the present situation and development of Heilongjiang's foreign trade, combining with the relevant economic theory and the optimization and adjustment of foreign trade structure. Mainly including the overall development direction of the international economic structure of foreign trade in Heilongjiang Province, the adjustment of the market economic structure of foreign trade, the convenient conditions of regional resources for foreign trade, And foreign trade market commodity structure and technological development and innovation as the main direction of analysis and research. On the basis of the advantages of the old industrial base in Heilongjiang Province, the advantages of natural ecological resources are brought into full play and diversified international markets are developed. Under the market economy system, we should optimize the industrial structure, attach importance to the traditional foreign trade market, and constantly open up the markets of the developed and developing countries, such as the European Union, ASEAN, Africa and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F752.8
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