發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-07 19:28

  本文選題：空氣品質(zhì) + 地鐵站臺(tái)�。� 參考：《青島理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)綜合國(guó)力的提升和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,城市生活節(jié)奏也在加快,地鐵以其快速、便捷的特點(diǎn)在我國(guó)得到了飛速的發(fā)展,已經(jīng)成為人們上班出行的首選交通工具。越來越多的人乘坐地鐵,人們?cè)诘罔F站內(nèi)的停滯時(shí)間隨之增加,也讓地鐵站內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)問題日益暴露:空氣污濁、通風(fēng)不足、顆粒物污染、噪聲污染等。在這樣的背景下,人們逐漸開始關(guān)注地鐵站臺(tái)的空氣品質(zhì),也極大地引起了國(guó)內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者對(duì)地鐵站臺(tái)空氣品質(zhì)的綜合評(píng)價(jià)研究。本文主要針對(duì)地鐵系統(tǒng)中站臺(tái)區(qū)域的空氣品質(zhì)問題進(jìn)行研究,選取北京市四個(gè)車站:西直門站、復(fù)興門站、靈境胡同站、安德里北街站,在夏季進(jìn)行溫度、相對(duì)濕度、風(fēng)速、噪聲、CO_2、甲醛、TVOC、PM_(10)八個(gè)指標(biāo)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試,測(cè)試的時(shí)間段為早高峰7:00~9:00、非高峰13:00~15:00、晚高峰17:00~19:00,并對(duì)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析,探究了站臺(tái)空氣品質(zhì)指標(biāo)的主要影響因素。本文首先在基于對(duì)客觀實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,然后嘗試通過粗糙集與BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論相結(jié)合,借助MATLAB平臺(tái)建立了地鐵站臺(tái)空氣品質(zhì)的綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型,將該模型應(yīng)用到所測(cè)試車站的站臺(tái)空氣品質(zhì)綜合評(píng)價(jià)研究中,最終得出站臺(tái)空氣品質(zhì)的等級(jí)分類。結(jié)合離散化后的指標(biāo)屬性值和評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,得到各指標(biāo)對(duì)地鐵站臺(tái)空氣品質(zhì)等級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)的影響由大到小的排序?yàn)?溫度、相對(duì)濕度、噪聲、PM_(10)、風(fēng)速、CO_2。并且對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析,證明了該模型的合理性。這對(duì)于我國(guó)地鐵建立實(shí)用的空氣品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)、改善地鐵空氣品質(zhì)具有重要的理論和指導(dǎo)意義。在測(cè)試與研究過程中得出以下主要結(jié)論:(1)四個(gè)站點(diǎn)的相對(duì)濕度、風(fēng)速、CO_2濃度、甲醛和TVOC平均水平都低于推薦的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍,噪聲平均水平都超出推薦的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而溫度、PM_(10)濃度僅在非換乘小站滿足推薦的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(2)客流量和屏蔽門是影響地鐵站臺(tái)空氣品質(zhì)最主要的因素。在客流量較大的換乘站地鐵站臺(tái),空氣溫度、噪聲、CO_2濃度、PM_(10)濃度顯著高于客流量較小的非換乘站;在安裝有屏蔽門的地鐵站臺(tái),風(fēng)速、噪聲、PM_(10)濃度低于未安裝屏蔽門的地鐵站臺(tái)。(3)一天中地鐵站臺(tái)的空氣溫度、相對(duì)濕度、風(fēng)速相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,其中人員和設(shè)備散熱是地鐵站臺(tái)空氣溫度的主要影響因素,人員散濕、溫度及室外氣候是影響地鐵站臺(tái)相對(duì)濕度不可忽視的因素,“活塞風(fēng)”以及有無(wú)屏蔽門對(duì)站臺(tái)風(fēng)速影響較大。(4)一天中噪聲、CO_2濃度、甲醛、TVOC、PM_(10)濃度呈現(xiàn)出隨時(shí)間段變化的趨勢(shì),其中噪聲、CO_2濃度、PM_(10)濃度都是早、晚高峰時(shí)段高于非高峰時(shí)段,而甲醛、TVOC濃度則隨時(shí)間段降低。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of our country's comprehensive national strength and the rapid development of economy and society, the rhythm of urban life is also speeding up. The subway has been developing rapidly in our country with its rapid and convenient characteristics, and has become the first choice of transportation for people to go to work. More and more people take the subway, people in the subway station stagnation time increases, also makes the subway station air quality problems increasingly exposed: air pollution, inadequate ventilation, particulate pollution, noise pollution and so on. Under this background, people begin to pay more and more attention to the air quality of the subway platform, which has caused the comprehensive evaluation of the air quality of the subway platform by experts and scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, the air quality problem in platform area of subway system is studied. Four stations in Beijing are selected: Xizhimen Station, Fuxingmen Station, Lingjing Hutong Station, Andriy North Street Station. Temperature, relative humidity, wind speed are carried out in summer. In this paper, the field test of eight indexes of CO2, formaldehyde and TVOC _ (10) is carried out. The test time periods are: morning peak 7: 00 9: 00, off-peak 13: 00 15: 00, late peak 17: 00 / 19: 00. The test data are statistically analyzed and the main influencing factors of air quality index of the platform are explored. On the basis of statistical analysis of objective measured data, this paper attempts to establish a comprehensive evaluation model of air quality of subway platform by combining rough set with BP neural network theory and MATLAB platform. The model is applied to the comprehensive evaluation of platform air quality of the stations tested, and finally the classification of platform air quality is obtained. Combined with the discrete index attribute value and evaluation result, the order of the influence of each index on the air quality grade evaluation of subway platform is as follows: temperature, relative humidity, noise and PM10, wind speed and CO _ 2. The evaluation results are analyzed and the rationality of the model is proved. It has important theoretical and guiding significance for the establishment of practical air quality evaluation system and the improvement of subway air quality in China. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the relative humidity, the concentration of wind speed, the average level of formaldehyde and TVOC are all lower than the recommended standard range, and the average noise level is higher than the recommended standard. The temperature and PM10 concentration only meet the recommended standard at the non-transfer station. (2) passenger flow and shielding door are the most important factors affecting the air quality of subway platform. The air temperature, noise and PM10 concentration in the subway platform with larger passenger flow are significantly higher than those in the non-transfer station with lower passenger flow, and in the subway platform with shielded doors, the wind speed, (3) the air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed of the subway platform are relatively stable during the day, in which the heat dissipation of the personnel and equipment is the main influencing factor of the air temperature of the subway platform. Temperature and outdoor climate are the factors that can not be ignored in the relative humidity of subway platform. "Piston wind" and the presence of shielding door have great influence on the wind speed of the platform. (4) the concentration of noise CO-2 and formaldehyde TVOC _ (10) show a trend of change with time. The noise CO2 concentration and PM10 concentration were all early, the late peak period was higher than the non-peak period, while the formaldehyde TOC concentration decreased with the time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U231.4

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