本文選題：金代 + 移民�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：金代是我國(guó)北方各族人口流動(dòng)最頻繁的時(shí)期之一,也是東北少數(shù)民族和中原漢族南北對(duì)流遷徙的歷史時(shí)期。金立國(guó)一百二十年,移民運(yùn)動(dòng)貫穿始終,移民對(duì)金朝社會(huì)的整體發(fā)展、國(guó)運(yùn)興衰有著重要性意義。同時(shí)金代移民對(duì)北方民族的變遷和北方地區(qū)的開(kāi)發(fā)、發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響,并波及到這一歷史時(shí)期的中國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展,是中國(guó)移民史中不可或缺的重要內(nèi)容。然而,目前學(xué)界對(duì)金代移民未做系統(tǒng)、深入、整合性研究,不能不說(shuō)是一個(gè)缺憾。因此,本文以移民群體為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)金代不同時(shí)期的移民背景、政策、各族人口的遷徙動(dòng)態(tài)及分布和各時(shí)期人口遷徙的特點(diǎn)規(guī)律等進(jìn)行考察。在此基礎(chǔ)上,探析各族移民的移居地生活,探究移民在金代社會(huì)中的作用等問(wèn)題,以求對(duì)深化金代史以及移民史研究有所補(bǔ)益。本文除緒論、結(jié)語(yǔ)外,共分五章:第一章,金代初期的移民運(yùn)動(dòng)。闡述了金代初期移民的原因、政策、遷徙與分布。認(rèn)為大量遼地、宋地人口的北遷是金初“移民實(shí)內(nèi)地”、“移民北上”等移民政策實(shí)施的結(jié)果,指出漢人的北遷呈現(xiàn)出漸進(jìn)式特點(diǎn),移民人數(shù)與遷入地范圍要遠(yuǎn)大于遼代,已進(jìn)入了黑龍江北部地區(qū)。而女真等族的移民中原是金政府的“猛安謀克南下”政策的體現(xiàn),認(rèn)為太宗后期約有140多萬(wàn)女真人口南下中原,河北兩路、山東兩路是女真移民的主遷地。同時(shí)對(duì)女真等族諸多移民家庭進(jìn)行了考辨,明確了完顏希尹、尼龐古鈔兀、秉德、海陵修儀高氏、術(shù)虎高琪、古里甲石倫等家庭的遷徙情況,認(rèn)為完顏希尹家族至少領(lǐng)有兩個(gè)猛安遷徙到吉林舒蘭地區(qū)。隸屬于黃龍府的曷懶兀主猛安和失剌古山猛安移居地較近,當(dāng)在長(zhǎng)春和農(nóng)安之間。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)金代初期的移民特點(diǎn)與規(guī)律進(jìn)行了探討,認(rèn)為金初移民類(lèi)型以政府組織控制下的強(qiáng)制型移民為主,移民原因主要以軍事政治為主,經(jīng)濟(jì)原因次之。少數(shù)民族南下和中原人民北上是金初移民運(yùn)動(dòng)的最大特色。此外,金初移民運(yùn)動(dòng)體現(xiàn)了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者所提出的人口遷徙若干規(guī)律中的“移民潮與返移民潮法則”、“中心凝聚律”以及“周邊民族向心律”等等。第二章,金代中期的移民浪潮。熙宗時(shí)內(nèi)外局勢(shì)的變化和海陵的遷都使金政府繼續(xù)執(zhí)行“猛安謀克南下”的移民政策,得出熙宗和海陵兩朝南下女真移民大約50多萬(wàn),至此金代三次大規(guī)模的女真族南遷宣告結(jié)束。河北東西路和山東東西路仍然是女真移民的主遷地,認(rèn)為隸屬于中都路的昏得渾山猛安與渾特渾猛安、渾特山猛安為同一猛安。對(duì)《金史》中記載的蒲察鼎壽、裴滿達(dá)、仆散端、太宗子孫、秉德等女真移民家庭,耶律履等契丹移民家庭、李英等渤海移民家庭進(jìn)行了探索,認(rèn)為秉德家族在熙宗時(shí)從咸平路移徙中都,海陵正隆初年又從中都遷往天德戍守,而其他幾個(gè)女真家庭在熙宗時(shí)期移民中都路。耶律履、李英兩個(gè)家庭分別移徙東平和益都。通過(guò)對(duì)“招民實(shí)都”和“招民實(shí)河南”移民政策的探析,認(rèn)為金中期漢人的遷徙主要是在政府優(yōu)惠政策吸引下的自由型遷徙。本時(shí)期契丹、奚人除跟隨女真人進(jìn)入中原外,金世宗把西北、西南招討司中的契丹、奚人強(qiáng)制遷徙至金源內(nèi)地。與此同時(shí),女真為主的猛安謀克在中原地區(qū)進(jìn)行了流動(dòng),但沒(méi)有改變女真人在中原地區(qū)的分布格局。通過(guò)對(duì)金中期移民運(yùn)動(dòng)的全面考察,認(rèn)為金中期的移民運(yùn)動(dòng)雖仍以強(qiáng)制型為主,但自由型遷徙開(kāi)始上升,移民類(lèi)型趨向多樣化。移民原因也凸顯多樣性,除政治、軍事因素外,經(jīng)濟(jì)因素越發(fā)明顯。但移民規(guī)律與金初類(lèi)似,仍然體現(xiàn)了“中心凝聚律”和“周邊民族向心律”。第三章,金代末期的移民高峰。通過(guò)對(duì)“軍戶南遷”、“聽(tīng)民南渡”和“縱民北渡”移民政策的探析,認(rèn)為貞yP南渡和壬辰北渡是金末、金亡之際兩次舉國(guó)性的遷徙。二十余年中,諸多移民家庭參加了南渡與北渡,這種“候鳥(niǎo)式”遷徙是金末移民運(yùn)動(dòng)的最大特點(diǎn)。同時(shí)在學(xué)界已有研究成果基礎(chǔ)上統(tǒng)計(jì)出165例漢人移民家庭參加金末南渡,142例漢人移民家庭參加金亡北渡。有金一代,遷徙3次以上的各族移民家庭有24例,這是金代移民運(yùn)動(dòng)的突出特點(diǎn)。女真等軍戶的南遷形成了以南京為核心的輻射性分布,近至洛陽(yáng)、許昌、歸德府、鄭州,遠(yuǎn)至安徽、江蘇、山東等地區(qū)均有女真移民的遷入。北渡中的女真人主要移徙河北、山東、陜西等中原地區(qū)。對(duì)尼龐古憸的(先祖尼龐古鈔兀)、高嗣榮(海陵修儀高氏家族)、古里甲石倫、蒲察桓端、術(shù)甲脫魯灰、仆散端、紇石烈胡沙虎、耶律兄弟(耶律履孫子)等移民家庭進(jìn)行了探究,明晰了遷徙情況,認(rèn)為胡沙虎所領(lǐng)屬的和魯忽土猛安當(dāng)在章宗后期或衛(wèi)紹王時(shí)期從咸平路移徙中都路,并提出胡魯土猛安與和魯忽土猛安、和魯奪徙猛安并非是同一猛安。金代末期的移民規(guī)律與金初、金中既有相同性也有差異性,體現(xiàn)了“動(dòng)亂驅(qū)散律(中心凝聚律)”和六十年代流行于西方學(xué)界的“推拉理論”。第四章,移民的移居地生活。對(duì)女真、契丹、宋遼宗室、漢族仕宦、漢族普通民眾等各族、各階層移民群體的生存狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了探析。認(rèn)為漢族仕宦移民群體生活方式多種多樣,除入仕、授徒外,隱居、讀書(shū)自耕、辭官歸隱田園、入為黃道、以技藝謀生、淪為奴隸等均為其生活狀態(tài)。而漢族普通民眾的移居地生活主要體現(xiàn)為耕種、技藝謀生、經(jīng)商、淪為奴隸等。指出移民生活與政府的移民安置政策、個(gè)人技藝、階層、個(gè)人選擇、遷入地的自然人文環(huán)境等因素相關(guān)。移民生活的考察,從側(cè)面展現(xiàn)了金代社會(huì)的發(fā)展面貌。第五章,移民在金代社會(huì)中的作用與影響。對(duì)移民在金代經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治發(fā)展中的作用進(jìn)行了探究,認(rèn)為漢、契丹等族移民群體是金代社會(huì)發(fā)展變遷中諸多合力中的主要力量之一。指出女真等族的南徙中原改變了其經(jīng)濟(jì)生活,采用中原租佃制的生產(chǎn)方式無(wú)疑是歷史的進(jìn)步。對(duì)移民與原居民關(guān)系進(jìn)行了有益探索,指出土地爭(zhēng)端是移民與原居民矛盾的根本原因和體現(xiàn)。從女真等族的漢化與漢人的胡風(fēng)盡染兩重視角考述了移民與原居民在生活習(xí)俗、人生儀禮、語(yǔ)言等方面的融合。由于金代是少數(shù)民族政權(quán),故移民與原居民的關(guān)系也是民族關(guān)系的體現(xiàn)。同時(shí)指出要用辯證唯物主義認(rèn)識(shí)移民問(wèn)題,人口遷徙在產(chǎn)生積極作用的同時(shí)也有一定的消極影響。人是文化的創(chuàng)造者與承載者,任何社會(huì)的發(fā)展都離不開(kāi)人口的流動(dòng)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)金代移民的全方位梳理、解讀和考證,力圖使讀者對(duì)金代移民形成正確、客觀、全面的認(rèn)識(shí),這不僅有利于深入了解金代社會(huì),認(rèn)識(shí)移民在金代社會(huì)發(fā)展中的作用和對(duì)國(guó)運(yùn)興衰的影響,還有利于從金代移民的視閾來(lái)審視我國(guó)北方地區(qū)的社會(huì)發(fā)展乃至中國(guó)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The Jin Dynasty is one of the most frequent periods of the population movement of the ethnic groups in the north of China. It is also the historical period of the north-eastern minority and the Central Plains Han nationality in the north and south. In the one hundred and twenty years of Jin Li, the immigration movement runs through the whole, the immigration to the social development of the Jin Dynasty, the rise and fall of the national transportation and the rise and fall of the national transportation. The development and development of the northern region has had a profound influence, and the development of the Chinese society in this historical period is an indispensable part of the history of Chinese immigration. However, it is a pity that the scholars have not made a systematic, in-depth and integrated study of the immigrants in the Jin Dynasty. Therefore, this article takes the immigration group as the research object. On the basis of the investigation of the immigration background, policy, the migration dynamics and distribution of the various ethnic groups and the characteristics of the migration of the population in various periods, this paper analyses the migratory life of all ethnic groups and explores the role of the immigrants in the Jin Dynasty, in order to make up for the deepening of the history of the Jin Dynasty and the study of the history of immigration. Apart from the introduction and concluding remarks, the article is divided into five chapters: the first chapter, the migration movement in the early Jin Dynasty, expounds the reasons, policies, migration and distribution of the early immigrant in the early Jin Dynasty. It is believed that the migration and distribution of the population in the early Jin Dynasty is the result of the immigration policy of "immigrating to the mainland" at the beginning of the Jin Dynasty and the immigration policy of "immigrating to the north", and points out that the northward migration of the Han people presents a progressive feature. The number of immigrants and migrating areas is far greater than the Liao Dynasty and has entered the northern part of Heilongjiang. While the Central Plains of the women Zhen and other ethnic groups are the embodiment of the policy of the Jin government's "Meng an in the South", it is believed that there are about about 1400000 women in the later period of Taizong, south of the Central Plains, the two roads of Hebei, and the Shandong two are the main emigrants of the women's immigrants. The family of many immigrant families has been examined and identified. It is clear that the migrating situation of the family, such as Xi Yin, nepang ancient banknote, Bong De, hailing ghos, ghoi ghoi and giligaelon, thinks that at least two Meng an has migrated to the Shulan area of Jilin. On the basis of this, the characteristics and laws of immigrants in the early Jin Dynasty were discussed on this basis. The main types of immigrant in the early Jin Dynasty were dominated by compulsory immigrants under the control of government organization. The main reasons for immigration were mainly military politics, and the economic reasons were the second. The ethnic minorities and the Central Plains people were the early migration movement in the north of Changchun. In addition, the early Jin immigration movement embodies the law of "immigration tide and emigration tide", "central coagulation law" and "the surrounding nationality toward the heart", and so on. The second chapter, the wave of immigration in the middle period of the Jin Dynasty, the change of the situation and the internal and external situation of the Xinzong and the capital of the Hailing. The government continues to carry out the immigration policy of "Meng an Kun south", and draws about about 500000 of the two dynasties in hee and hailing, at the end of the three times of the golden Dynasty. The East and West Road of Hebei and Shandong East and West are still the main emigrants of the women's emigrants. Hun Meng an, Hun Mount Meng an is the same in the same Meng an. To the "Jin history >" of Pu Qidu, Pei Manda, sservant, Tai Zong son, Pong de and other emigrant families, Yilai immigrant families, Li Ying and other Bohai immigrant families carried on the exploration, that the Jae Hee Zong family in the migrations from the salty Ping Road, hailing is in the early years of the middle of the year. He moved to the garrison of heaven and Germany, while several other female family members of the Jae Hee sect were in the middle capital of Jae Hee. Li Ying migrated to Dongping and Yigu respectively. Through the analysis of the policy of "recruiting people real" and "recruiting people real Henan", the migration of Han people in the middle of Jin was mainly the free migration which was attracted by the government preferential policies. In the period of Khitan, the HSI people moved to the Central Plains of the Central Plains in addition to the fact that Jin Shizong took the chhidan in the northwest and the southwest, and Xi people moved to the mainland of Jin Yuan. At the same time, the Meng an in the Central Plains of the Central Plains did not change the distribution pattern of the women in the central region. It is considered that the immigrant movement in the middle of Jin Dynasty is still dominated by the compulsory type, but the free migration has begun to rise and the migration types tend to diversify. The reasons for immigration also highlight the diversity. The economic factors are more obvious except for political and military factors. But the law of immigration is similar to the golden age, and it still embodies the "central coagulation law" and "the surrounding nationality to the heart rhythm". The third chapter, the peak of immigration at the end of the Jin Dynasty. Through the analysis of the immigration policy of "the south migration of the military household", "the South Ferry to the people" and the immigration policy of the "longitudinal people North ferry", it is considered that the yP South Ferry and the North ferry are the late gold and the two national migrations at the time of the golden death. In more than twenty years, many immigrant families participate in the South Ferry and North ferry, such "migratory bird" migration is At the same time, on the basis of the research results of the Late Jin Dynasty, on the basis of the research achievements in the academic world, 165 cases of Han immigrant families participated in the southern ferry, and 142 Han immigrant families participated in the Golden North ferry. There were golden generation, and 24 migrated families of all ethnic groups were migrated more than 3 times. This was the prominent feature of the migration movement of the Jin Dynasty. It has become a radiative distribution with Nanjing as the core. Near Luoyang, Xuchang, GUI De Fu, Zhengzhou, far to Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, and other regions, the main migrations of the women in the North ferry are Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi and other Central Plains. The immigration families, such as Shih Lun, paaahoi end, armour Luru, Shaoxing Hu, yerhu Shaoxing, and yerzai (yeri grandson), have made a clear understanding of the migratory situation, and think that the Hu Sha tiger's possession and Lu yutsu are in the middle of the late chapter of Zong Zong or the Wei Shao King period from the saltping Road, and put forward the fierce and RUU of Lu Lu and Lu. In the Late Jin Dynasty, the law of immigration and the golden beginning of the Jin Dynasty were the same and the gold in the early Jin Dynasty. The fourth chapter, the emigrant life of the immigrants, was the fourth chapter of the emigrant living. The people of all ethnic groups such as the common people of the Han people, such as the common people of the Han nationality, and other ethnic groups, have analyzed the living conditions of the various groups of immigrants. It is believed that the living modes of the Han people in the Han Dynasty are varied, in addition to the officials, the apprenticeship, the seclusion, the reading and the plowing, the resignation of the seclusion to the pastoral, the Yellow Road, the skill of making a living and the slavery, and the emigration of the common people of the Han nationality. Life is mainly embodied in cultivation, skill for living, business and slave, etc.. It points out that immigrant life is related to the policies of immigration and resettlement of the government, personal skills, classes, individual choices, and the natural and humanistic environment of the migrated land. The investigation of immigrant life shows the development of the Jin Dynasty from the side. The fifth chapter, immigrant in Jin Dynasty society The role and influence of the immigrants in the economic and political development of the Jin Dynasty are explored. It is considered that the ethnic migration groups such as Han and Qidan are one of the main forces in the social development and changes of the Jin Dynasty. A useful exploration is made on the relationship between the immigrants and the original residents. It is pointed out that the land dispute is the fundamental cause and embodiment of the contradiction between the immigrants and the original residents. Therefore, the relationship between the immigrants and the original residents is also the embodiment of the ethnic relations. At the same time, it is pointed out that the issue of immigration should be recognized with dialectical materialism, and the migration of the population has a positive negative effect while producing positive effects. In order to make the readers correct, objective and comprehensive understanding of the Jin Dynasty immigrants, it is beneficial not only to understand the society of the Jin Dynasty, to understand the role of the immigrants in the social development of the Jin Dynasty and to the rise and fall of the national transport, but also to examine the social development and even the development of the northern areas of our country from the threshold of the immigration of the Jin Dynasty. The development of Chinese society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K246.4

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