本文選題：水足跡 + 糧食生產結構調整��； 參考：《黑龍江八一農墾大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,作為一種不可再生資源,同時也是我們賴以生存的剛性需求的產品,所以我們必須節(jié)約用水,減少水污染。隨著我國整體國民經濟的不斷發(fā)展和前進,生態(tài)資源在國民經濟建設中變得更加重要,緩解水資源的供需矛盾也更加迫在眉睫。作為農業(yè)大國,農業(yè)用水在我國糧食生產中占據獨一無二的地位,水資源影響著我國農業(yè)生產結構的整體發(fā)展,農業(yè)用水關乎著我國的糧食安全問題和農業(yè)經濟的整體未來發(fā)展態(tài)勢,水資源的合理使用關系著我國的農業(yè)命脈。本文先對“水足跡”和糧食生產結構調整的國內外相關文獻進行梳理、分析和闡述,從而引出本文所用的“水足跡”方法、糧食生產結構調整的研究內容和研究趨勢,以及兩者之間的應用關系。通過國內外文獻綜述的梳理,不難看出國內外對于將“水足跡”和糧食生產結構調整的研究并不在少數,基于前人的研究基礎和研究方法,所以本文的研究對象是黑龍江省海林農場,研究的目的是基于“水足跡”的角度對其主要糧食作物進行分類和歸納、并對其整體糧食生產結構進行調整分析。首先,本文交代了研究地點海林農場的區(qū)位特征和近七年糧食生產結構調整的狀況。介紹了海林農場的概況(區(qū)域位置和生產整體條件等方面),并交代了糧食作物種植面積在海林農場整體農業(yè)生產種植中的比重和糧食種植面積逐年變化兩個角度剖析了海林農場的糧食生產結構調整概況。進而,通過國際上“水足跡”的計算公式的運用,計算出海林農場主要糧食作物的單位水足跡、和主要糧食生產消耗“單位水足跡”中的藍、綠、灰水足跡的比重,進行統計和分析。再次,明確海林農場糧食生產結構調整的標準,從農戶的角度進行糧食生產調整目標的闡述,并從經濟和生態(tài)效益兩方面引出本文的調整標準(綜合效益),通過綜合效益,交代本文引用的調整的兩個標準“單位水足跡”和“耗水度”,從而量化了經濟效益和生態(tài)效益的兩個調整指標,并對計算出來的海林農場主要糧食生產作物根據指標進行分類。最后通過對“水足跡”的計算結果,結合糧食生產結構調整標準,逐一對主要的糧食作物進行生產結構上的調整分析,提出相應的生產種植對策;再針對海林農場實現糧食生產結構調整目標,為了海林農場適應當下國家發(fā)展大環(huán)境,提高海林農場農業(yè)用水效率,針對海林農場當下經營情況提出了相應的保障性措施。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, as a non-renewable resource, but also a rigid demand for our survival products, so we must save water, reduce water pollution. With the continuous development and progress of the whole national economy, ecological resources become more and more important in the national economic construction, and it is more urgent to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. As a large agricultural country, agricultural water use occupies a unique position in China's grain production, and water resources affect the overall development of our agricultural production structure. Agricultural water use is related to the problem of food security and the overall future development of agricultural economy in China. The rational use of water resources is related to the lifeblood of agriculture in our country. In this paper, the domestic and foreign literatures on water footprint and grain production structure adjustment are firstly combed, analyzed and expounded, and the water footprint method used in this paper, the research content and research trend of grain production structure adjustment are introduced. And the relationship between them. Through the review of literature at home and abroad, it is not difficult to see that there are not a few studies at home and abroad on adjusting the "water footprint" and the structure of grain production, based on the basis of previous research and research methods. Therefore, the research object of this paper is Hailin Farm in Heilongjiang Province. The purpose of the study is to classify and summarize the main grain crops based on the "water footprint", and to adjust and analyze the whole grain production structure. Firstly, this paper describes the location characteristics of Hailin Farm and the adjustment of grain production structure in recent seven years. This paper introduces the general situation of Hailin Farm (regional position and production condition), and explains the proportion of grain crop planting area in the whole agricultural production of Hailin Farm and the change of grain planting area year by year. The adjustment of grain production structure in Hailin farm was analyzed. Furthermore, through the application of the international formula for calculating the "water footprint", the proportion of the unit water footprint of the main grain crops in the Hailin Farm and the "unit water footprint" of the main grain production consumption is calculated. Conduct statistics and analysis. Thirdly, define the standard of grain production structure adjustment in Hailin Farm, expound the target of grain production adjustment from the angle of farmers, and draw the adjustment standard (comprehensive benefit) of this article from two aspects of economic and ecological benefit, through the comprehensive benefit, In this paper, the two standards of adjustment "water footprint" and "water consumption" are described, thus quantifying the two adjustment indexes of economic and ecological benefits. The main grain production crops of Hailin Farm were classified according to the index. Finally, according to the calculation results of "water footprint" and the adjustment standard of grain production structure, the main grain crops are adjusted one by one, and the corresponding production and planting countermeasures are put forward. In order to adapt to the current national development environment and improve the efficiency of agricultural water use, this paper puts forward the corresponding safeguard measures for the current management of the Hailin Farm in order to achieve the goal of adjusting the grain production structure of the Hailin Farm and to improve the efficiency of the agricultural water use of the Hailin Farm.
【學位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農墾大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F326.11

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