本文選題：雷電監(jiān)測 + 行波電流　； 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾十年來,我國國民經(jīng)濟持續(xù)高速發(fā)展,對電能的需求呈幾何方式增長。供電可靠性的要求也不斷提高,如何降低輸電線路停電概率,縮短停電時間成為電網(wǎng)面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。運行經(jīng)驗表明:雷電已成為造成架空輸電線路跳閘故障的首要危害因素,探尋有效降低雷擊線路跳閘防護方法仍是研究的熱點。我國雷電防護技術(shù)經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)了高效化、經(jīng)濟化、精細化的升級和轉(zhuǎn)變,但仍然面臨著一些技術(shù)難題。早期的雷電參數(shù)主要來自于氣象部門,受監(jiān)測手段的限制,僅能用雷暴日或雷電小時數(shù)去描述其雷電活動的頻繁程度。鑒于此,武漢高壓研究院在2007年建成了全國雷電定位系統(tǒng),可以準(zhǔn)確獲取不同區(qū)段輸電線路走廊內(nèi)的地閃密度,統(tǒng)計精度較高,但存在數(shù)百米的定位誤差,其無法辨識雷電擊中的具體位置(避雷線、導(dǎo)線或是線路旁邊的大地)。目前,輸電線路雷電防護主要依據(jù)線路走廊落雷數(shù)據(jù)進行近似評估,防護效果不理想,因此如何獲得準(zhǔn)確的線路本體雷擊數(shù)據(jù)成為雷電防護的難點和關(guān)鍵點,本課題開展了輸電線路本體雷擊監(jiān)測和雷擊類型辨識研究,獲得更加科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),攻克制約防護效果不理想的技術(shù)瓶頸,對電力系統(tǒng)安全運行具有重要的工程實際意義。本課題開展研究的主要工作包括:首先,研究了雷電、輸電線路、桿塔和絕緣的模型,建立了雷擊避雷線、桿塔和導(dǎo)線等不同雷擊類型的ATP/EMPT仿真模型,提出了不同雷擊類型特征。其次,基于不同雷擊類型特征,提出了基于S變換的雷擊類型辨識方法。然后,介紹Rogowski線圈工作原理,對其低頻失真現(xiàn)象進行仿真研究,設(shè)計積分補償硬件電路,實驗結(jié)果表明該電路有效解決低頻失真問題;根據(jù)電磁耦合取能原理,提出了高電位耦合取能+鋰電池供電方式,并設(shè)計了充電管理和保護電路,實驗證明耦合取能最小啟動電流可低至20A;設(shè)計FPGA數(shù)據(jù)采集和GPRS數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方案,提出了一種通信冗余方案,解決了數(shù)據(jù)擁堵、丟失等問題。最后,對工程應(yīng)用效果進行分析,證明輸電線路本體雷擊分布規(guī)律與雷擊跳閘桿塔具有密切的關(guān)聯(lián)性,對防雷評估具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the national economy of our country continues to develop at a high speed, and the demand for electric energy increases in a geometric way. The requirement of power supply reliability is also increasing. How to reduce the probability of power outage and shorten the time of power outage has become a great challenge to the power grid. The operation experience shows that lightning has become the primary hazard factor of overhead transmission line tripping fault, and it is still a hot research topic to explore effective protection methods to reduce lightning strike line tripping. After decades of development, China's lightning protection technology has been upgraded and transformed with high efficiency, economy and refinement, but it still faces some technical problems. The early lightning parameters mainly come from the meteorological department. Limited by monitoring means, the lightning frequency can only be described by the number of thunderstorm days or lightning hours. In view of this, Wuhan High Voltage Research Institute built a national lightning location system in 2007, which can accurately obtain the ground flicker density in different sections of transmission line corridors. The statistical accuracy is relatively high, but there is a positioning error of several hundred meters. It can not identify the specific location of lightning strike (lightning line, wire, or the ground next to the line. At present, the lightning protection of transmission lines is mainly evaluated according to the lightning data of the corridor, and the protective effect is not ideal. Therefore, how to obtain accurate data of lightning protection becomes the difficulty and key point of lightning protection. In this paper, the research on lightning stroke monitoring and lightning strike type identification of transmission line body is carried out, and more scientific basic data are obtained, and the technical bottleneck which restricts the imperfect protection effect is overcome, which is of great practical significance to the safe operation of power system. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the models of lightning, transmission line, tower and insulation are studied, and the simulation models of different lightning strike types, such as lightning protection lines, towers and conductors, are established. The characteristics of different lightning strike types are proposed. Secondly, based on the characteristics of different lightning strike types, a lightning strike type identification method based on S transform is proposed. Then, the working principle of Rogowski coil is introduced, the low frequency distortion of Rogowski coil is simulated and the hardware circuit of integral compensation is designed. The experimental results show that the circuit can solve the problem of low frequency distortion effectively, and according to the principle of electromagnetic coupling, In this paper, the power supply mode of high potential coupled energy lithium battery is proposed, and the charge management and protection circuit is designed. The experimental results show that the minimum starting current of coupling energy can be as low as 20A, and the FPGA data acquisition and GPRS data transmission scheme are designed. A communication redundancy scheme is proposed to solve the problems of data congestion and loss. Finally, it is proved that the distribution law of lightning strike of transmission line body is closely related to the lightning tripping tower, which has important guiding significance for lightning protection evaluation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM863

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