本文選題：延邊大學(xué) + 退休教職工��； 參考：《延邊大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：“十三五”期間是全面建成小康社會(huì)的決勝階段,也是我國(guó)步入人口老齡化社會(huì)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,習(xí)近平總書(shū)記強(qiáng)調(diào)：“有效應(yīng)對(duì)我國(guó)人口老齡化,事關(guān)國(guó)家發(fā)展全局,事關(guān)億萬(wàn)百姓福祉”。截止2015年我國(guó)60歲以上人群高達(dá)2.1億,到2050年我國(guó)60歲以上老年人將超過(guò)總?cè)丝诘?0%,屆時(shí)我國(guó)將到達(dá)深度老齡化階段,高齡、失能、空巢老人的數(shù)量將急劇攀升,進(jìn)一步加重了我國(guó)人口老齡化的嚴(yán)峻性和復(fù)雜性, “未富先老”將是我國(guó)面臨的基本國(guó)情。大學(xué)教職員工作為一個(gè)特殊的群體,其獲得相對(duì)較多的社會(huì)資源、經(jīng)濟(jì)資源和人脈資源,有著較為優(yōu)越的社會(huì)地位,但也面臨著如超負(fù)荷工作、社會(huì)壓力大、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈、體育鍛煉少等問(wèn)題,退休后因職業(yè)角色的中斷、社會(huì)地位的下降、生活圈子的轉(zhuǎn)換,都將會(huì)給他們帶來(lái)不適的影響,對(duì)準(zhǔn)備不充分的老年人來(lái)說(shuō),首先會(huì)損害他們的精神健康,進(jìn)而開(kāi)始威脅到身體健康。隨著全民健身計(jì)劃的不斷深入,老年體育隊(duì)伍的不斷壯大,退休教職工將逐漸成為我國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)積極老齡化的主力軍,體育鍛煉已成為老年人生活中重要的一部分,從個(gè)體來(lái)說(shuō),可以提高老年人的生活質(zhì)量,增強(qiáng)老年人的體質(zhì)健康水平；從整體來(lái)說(shuō),會(huì)給國(guó)家和社會(huì)帶來(lái)極大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)價(jià)值。本文以延邊大學(xué)退休教職工的體育鍛煉現(xiàn)狀為研究對(duì)象,采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)等研究方法,通過(guò)對(duì)延邊大學(xué)退休教職工個(gè)人基本情況、參與體育鍛煉的動(dòng)機(jī)、時(shí)間、時(shí)段、頻率、場(chǎng)所、方式與項(xiàng)目等方面進(jìn)行整理統(tǒng)計(jì),發(fā)現(xiàn)存在的問(wèn)題并分析產(chǎn)生的原因,整合出一套解決的方法,以期在理論探索與實(shí)際指導(dǎo)等方面能為退休教職工提供合理的建議與意見(jiàn)。經(jīng)調(diào)查研究得出以下結(jié)論：延邊大學(xué)退休教職工參加體育鍛煉的頻率不高,鍛煉時(shí)間相對(duì)較短,強(qiáng)度不大；參與體育鍛煉的人數(shù)逐漸增加,達(dá)到體育人口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的占43.9%,女性受傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響鍛煉的積極性要少于男性；退休教職工參加體育鍛煉的動(dòng)機(jī)比較豐富,依次是娛樂(lè)消遣占24%、強(qiáng)身健體占22%、調(diào)節(jié)精神占18%；在鍛煉的項(xiàng)目上選擇易于開(kāi)展,運(yùn)動(dòng)相對(duì)平和的項(xiàng)目,主要集中在散步占28%、棋牌撲克占16%、爬山占14%；在鍛煉場(chǎng)地的選擇上受生活習(xí)慣的影響,比較局限,選擇依次是學(xué)校內(nèi)占25%、就近附近占25%、公園占12%；退休教職工在鍛煉后的感受相對(duì)全面,分別是心情愉快、生活充實(shí)占24%、提高睡眠質(zhì)量占22%和健康狀況好轉(zhuǎn)占11%。延邊大學(xué)退休教職工的健康狀況整體上一般,患有慢性疾病的人數(shù)達(dá)到了45.5%,慢性疾病排在前三位的依次是,心腦血管疾病為26.7%、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病為18.9%、內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)疾病為17.8%,這與高校教職工的工作環(huán)境和職業(yè)有關(guān)。達(dá)到體育人口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中患三高癥的發(fā)病率顯著地小于達(dá)不到體育人口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中患三高癥的人數(shù)。體育鍛煉在抑制疾病和緩解病情上起到了促進(jìn)作用,其中體育人口患三高癥分別是,高血糖為12%、高血壓為9%和高血脂為7.2%、5.1%,非體育入口患三高癥分別是,高血糖為28%、高血壓為25%和高血脂為19.8%、17.1%。除高血脂外,男性的發(fā)病率均高于女性,這與男性不規(guī)律的生活習(xí)慣,交際應(yīng)酬多有關(guān)。影響退休教職工參加體育鍛煉的因素比較廣泛,主要因?yàn)檫@部分老年人受健康、生活環(huán)境的影響比較大,分別是缺少相應(yīng)組織指導(dǎo)、醫(yī)務(wù)監(jiān)督占28%、缺少合適的伙伴占21%、家務(wù)繁忙占18%、鍛煉場(chǎng)地、設(shè)施器材不足占16%、宣傳力度不夠占8%、資金短缺占7%、其它原因占2%�；谝陨涎芯�,本文認(rèn)為應(yīng)該給退休教職工配備掌握醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)的體育社會(huì)指導(dǎo)員,組織專人開(kāi)展適合退休教職工進(jìn)行的文體活動(dòng)；同時(shí)利用體育學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院的專業(yè)學(xué)科優(yōu)勢(shì),定期開(kāi)展體檢和健康科普講座,對(duì)各類疾病進(jìn)行跟蹤記錄,提出治療方案：建議政府相關(guān)部門(mén)加大財(cái)政投入,更新老舊運(yùn)動(dòng)器材,加強(qiáng)新媒體等宣傳途徑,倡導(dǎo)通過(guò)體育鍛煉來(lái)抑制緩解疾病,使退休教職工能夠從根本上懂得身體健康與體育鍛煉間的關(guān)系,從而使退休后的生活更加充實(shí)、身體更加健康。
[Abstract]:The "13th Five-Year" period is the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. It is also the key period for China to enter the aging society of the population. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: "there is an effect on the aging of our population, the overall situation of the country and the well-being of hundreds of millions of people". By 2015, the population of 60 and above in China was up to 210 million to 2050. The elderly over 60 years of age will exceed 30% of the total population, and our country will reach the stage of deep aging, the age of age, the loss of energy and the number of empty nest elderly will rise sharply, further aggravating the severity and complexity of the aging of the population in our country. "Not rich before the old" will be the basic national condition of our country. The Faculty of the university is a special one. The group, which has relatively more social resources, economic resources and human resources, has a superior social status, but also faces such problems as overloading work, great social pressure, fierce competition, less physical exercise and so on. After retirement, the interruption of professional roles, the decline of social position, and the transformation of life circles will bring them to the end. As for the ill prepared old people, it will damage their mental health first, and then threaten their health. With the continuous deepening of the national fitness program, the continuous expansion of the elderly sports team, the retired teachers will gradually become the main force to realize the active aging in our country, and the physical exercise has become the old life. An important part of the life, from the individual, can improve the quality of life of the elderly and enhance the health level of the elderly; from the whole, it will bring great economic and social value to the state and the society. This article is based on the present situation of the physical exercise of the retired teachers in Yanbian University, and adopts the questionnaire survey and the mathematical statistics. According to the research method, the author collates and statistics the motivation, time, time period, frequency, place, mode and project of the retired faculty of Yanbian University, finds out the existing problems and analyzes the causes, and integrates a set of solutions to solve the problems in theoretical exploration and practical guidance. To provide reasonable suggestions and opinions for retired teachers and staff. The following conclusions are drawn through investigation and study: the retired teachers of Yanbian University have a low frequency of physical exercise, relatively short exercise time and little intensity; the number of people participating in physical exercise is increasing gradually, the standard of sports population is 43.9%, and women are influenced by traditional ideas. The enthusiasm of the retirees is less than that of the male; the motivation of the retirees to take part in physical exercise is rich, which is 24% in entertainment, 22% in physical fitness and 18% in the adjustment spirit. The items that are easy to carry out in the exercises and the sports are relatively flat are mainly concentrated in the 28%, 16%, 14%, and 14% in the mountain climbing. The choice is influenced by the life habit, the choice is 25% in the school, 25% in the near near, 12% in the park, and the retired teachers are in a relatively comprehensive feeling after exercise, respectively, the happy mood, the full life of 24%, the improvement of the sleep quality 22% and the health status of the retired teachers in the Yanbian University, which account for the health status of the retired faculty of the Yanbian University. On the whole, the number of people with chronic diseases reached 45.5%, the first three of the chronic diseases were 26.7%, 18.9%, 18.9% and 17.8%, which was related to the working environment and occupation of the teachers in Colleges and universities. Physical exercise plays a role in inhibiting the disease and alleviating the disease. The three high levels of high blood sugar are 12%, hypertension is 9% and high blood fat is 7.2%, 5.1%, the non sports entrance is 28%, high blood sugar is 28%, hypertension is 25% and hyperlipidemia. In addition to 19.8%, 17.1%. except high blood lipid, the incidence of male is higher than that of women, which is related to the irregular life habits of the male and the social communication. The factors affecting the retired teachers to participate in physical exercise are more extensive, mainly because this part of the elderly is healthy, the living environment is relatively large, and the medical supervision is lack of corresponding organizational guidance. 28%, 28%, lack of appropriate partners 21%, 18% of the busy housework, the exercise field, the lack of facilities and equipment 16%, not enough publicity, 8%, and the shortage of funds 7%. Other reasons are based on the above research. This article believes that the retired teachers should be equipped with medical professional sports social instructors to organize special people to carry out suitable retired teachers. At the same time, taking advantage of the sports college and the medical college's professional advantages, regularly carrying out physical examination and health science lectures, tracking records of all kinds of diseases and putting forward the treatment plan: it is suggested that the relevant government departments should increase financial input, update old sports equipment, strengthen the new media and other propaganda ways, and advocate through physical exercise. To inhibit the relief of disease, the retired teachers can fundamentally understand the relationship between physical health and physical exercise, so that the life after retirement is more fulfilling and healthier.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：G812.4

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