本文選題：凡納濱對蝦 + 生長性狀�。� 參考：《廣東海洋大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：凡納濱對蝦(Litopenaeus vannmei),因其具有生長快、適應(yīng)性強、適合高密度養(yǎng)殖等特點,已成為我國對蝦養(yǎng)殖業(yè)重要的養(yǎng)殖品種之一,目前國內(nèi)凡納濱對蝦苗種已出現(xiàn)種質(zhì)衰退現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重影響了我國對蝦養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,因此針對凡納濱對蝦開展選擇育種是十分重要的。本研究為培育生長速度快、抗逆性強的凡納濱對蝦新品種,針對以下幾個方面開展了研究。通過群體間雜交構(gòu)建不同的自交和雜交群體G1代,比較分析了其在不同密度下生長和成活的表現(xiàn)情況;選取生長和耐低溶氧性狀優(yōu)良的自交和雜交群體作為親本建立選育群體G2代,估計G2代生長和耐低溶氧性狀的遺傳參數(shù),并對其遺傳進(jìn)展進(jìn)行預(yù)測;通過綜合育種值從G2代中篩選出表現(xiàn)良好的家系作為親本,大規(guī)模建立家系,估計G3代的生長、存活和耐低溶氧性狀的遺傳參數(shù),并對生長和耐低溶氧性狀的遺傳進(jìn)展進(jìn)行評估;從G2代中篩選出4個生長性狀或耐低溶氧性狀表現(xiàn)良好的家系作為親本,通過不完全雙列雜交建立不同的雜交組合,比較分析了子代生長和耐低溶氧性狀的差異性。具體研究如下:1、不同養(yǎng)殖密度下凡納濱對蝦選育群體G1代生長和成活性狀的比較以8個凡納濱對蝦養(yǎng)殖群體作為親本,構(gòu)建8個子代群體;在80尾·m-2、200尾·m-2和400尾·m-2養(yǎng)殖密度下研究各群體生長、成活性狀。結(jié)果表明,養(yǎng)殖密度對各群體生長、成活性狀有顯著影響(P0.05),隨著養(yǎng)殖密度增加,生長、成活指標(biāo)呈下降趨勢。80尾·m-2養(yǎng)殖密度的生長比速、成活率的范圍及平均值分別為(8.29~10.38,9.29±2.14)和(66.7~96.7,82.9±10.5)%,顯著高于200尾·m-2、400尾·m-2的生長、成活指標(biāo)(P0.05)。3個養(yǎng)殖密度下各群體間生長、成活性狀有顯著差異(P0.05)。SIS♀×SIS♂生長優(yōu)勢明顯,生長比速較群體均值提高10.4%~17.9%;HD♀×YH♂成活優(yōu)勢明顯,成活率較群體均值提高9.3%~13.7%;YH♀×ZX♂和YH♀×K♂生長比速、成活率均高于群體均值,表現(xiàn)出生長快成活率高雙重優(yōu)良性狀。2、凡納濱對蝦選育群體G2代生長和耐低溶氧性狀遺傳參數(shù)估計及遺傳進(jìn)展的預(yù)估選擇來自40個家系的3200尾凡納濱對蝦個體分別于8和13周齡時進(jìn)行為期96h的耐低溶氧試驗,測定其生長性狀和耐低溶氧性狀。利用線性動物模型針對凡納濱對蝦不同日齡生長和耐低溶氧性狀的方差組分和遺傳參數(shù)進(jìn)行估計。結(jié)果顯示,凡納濱對蝦生長性狀和耐低溶氧性狀的遺傳力均表現(xiàn)為低中等遺傳力水平,分別為0.11~0.23和0.07~0.15。同一時期不同生長性狀間的遺傳相關(guān)為0.84~0.95,表現(xiàn)為高度線性正相關(guān)(P0.05),而生長性狀和耐低溶氧性狀間遺傳相關(guān)為0.24~0.29,表現(xiàn)為低度線性正相關(guān)。相同性狀在不同時期的遺傳相關(guān)較低(0.18~0.29),表明在對蝦生長階段早期對重要經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀進(jìn)行選育可能達(dá)不到較好的選育效果。體長、體質(zhì)量和耐低溶氧性狀的預(yù)測遺傳獲得為5.0~6.5%、18.2~23.5%、7.6~15.7%,預(yù)示利用家系選育對凡納濱對蝦進(jìn)行遺傳改良可取得良好的育種成效。3、凡納濱對蝦選育群體g3代生長和耐低溶氧性狀的遺傳參數(shù)估計和遺傳進(jìn)展的評估選擇來自75個家系的6000尾凡納濱對蝦個體進(jìn)行為期96h的耐低溶氧試驗,測定其生長性狀和耐低溶氧性狀。利用線性動物模型估計了凡納濱對蝦收獲時期生長和耐低溶氧性狀的方差組分和遺傳參數(shù)。結(jié)果顯示,凡納濱對蝦收獲體長和收獲體質(zhì)量的遺傳力分別為0.35±0.11和0.48±0.15,表現(xiàn)為中高遺傳力水平,并且統(tǒng)計檢驗顯著(p0.05)。收獲體長和收獲體質(zhì)量間的表型相關(guān)和遺傳相關(guān)分別為0.89和0.95,表現(xiàn)為高度線性正相關(guān)(p0.05)。凡納濱對蝦耐低溶氧性狀的遺傳力為0.07±0.03,表現(xiàn)為低遺傳力水平。生長性狀和耐低溶氧性狀間的表型相關(guān)和遺傳相關(guān)分別為0.11~0.13和0.14~0.18,表現(xiàn)為低度線性正相關(guān)(p0.05)。體質(zhì)量的選擇反應(yīng)和遺傳獲得分別為1.13±0.31g和11.07%;耐低溶氧性狀的選擇反應(yīng)和遺傳獲得分別為0.02±0.02%和4.87%,表明利用家系選育對凡納濱對蝦生長性狀進(jìn)行遺傳改良能夠取得良好的育種成效。4、凡納濱對蝦選育群體g3代生長和耐低溶氧性狀的配合力分析14個交配組合的生長情況和低溶氧脅迫的耐受情況均存在顯著的差異,表明各交配組合生長和耐低溶氧性狀具有較大的改良潛力。雜交后代性狀表現(xiàn)情況由父本、母本的一般配合力和交配組合的特殊配合力共同決定,a家系父母本在各生長階段生長性狀和耐低溶氧性狀的gca效應(yīng)值均為正值,分別為0.043~0.403和0.163,表明家系a作為親本時可將優(yōu)良的生長和耐低溶氧性狀穩(wěn)定遺傳給雜交子代。特殊配合力分析表明,雜交組合ab生長性狀sca效應(yīng)值最大,為生長性狀的最優(yōu)雜交組合;雜交組合ac耐低溶氧性狀特殊配合力最大,為耐低溶氧性狀的最優(yōu)雜交組合,可為進(jìn)一步家系選育提供候選材料。5、凡納濱對蝦選育群體g3代不同生長階段生長和存活性狀的遺傳參數(shù)估計利用線性動物模型估計了凡納濱對蝦不同生長階段生長和耐低溶氧性狀的方差組分和遺傳參數(shù),結(jié)果顯示,凡納濱對蝦經(jīng)共同環(huán)境養(yǎng)殖30d、60d、90d和120d后,生長性狀遺傳力為0.24~0.46,表現(xiàn)為中高等遺傳力水平;存活性狀的遺傳力為0.01~0.06,表現(xiàn)為低等遺傳力水平,并且統(tǒng)計檢驗顯著(p0.05)。凡納濱對蝦生長性狀間的表型相關(guān)和遺傳相關(guān)分別為0.82~0.95和0.91~0.97,表現(xiàn)出高度線性正相關(guān);而生長性狀和存活性狀間的表型相關(guān)和遺傳相關(guān)表現(xiàn)為負(fù)相關(guān),其值為-0.03~-0.05和-0.15~-0.22。每個生長階段選取生長性狀和存活性狀育種值排序前50%的家系用于比較和相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果顯示隨著日齡的增長,相鄰生長階段間家系排序相同率越高,育種值相關(guān)系數(shù)越高,可見生長期越長,性狀相關(guān)性越大。因此作者認(rèn)為,凡納濱對蝦家系提前篩選的時期均不能低于共同環(huán)境養(yǎng)殖90d前,至于更深入的研究,有待于從遺傳動態(tài)分析的角度進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:Litopenaeus vannmei, which has the characteristics of fast growth, strong adaptability and suitable for high density aquaculture, has become one of the most important breed of shrimp aquaculture in China. At present, the germplasm decline of Penaeus vannamei seedlings has appeared in China, which seriously affects the sustainable development of the shrimp aquaculture industry in China. The selection breeding of prawns is very important. In this study, a new breed of Penaeus vannamei, which has fast growth rate and strong resistance, has been studied in the following aspects. The growth and survival of the G1 generation of different self and hybrid populations were analyzed by interpopulation hybridization. The self crossbred and hybrids resistant to low dissolved oxygen were established as parents for G2 generation, the genetic parameters of G2 generation and low dissolved oxygen tolerance were estimated, and the genetic progress was predicted. Through comprehensive breeding values, the families with good performance were screened from the G2 generation as parents, the family was established on a large scale, and the growth and survival of the G3 generation were estimated. Genetic parameters of low dissolved oxygen Resistant Traits and genetic progress of growth and low dissolved oxygen tolerance were evaluated. 4 growth traits or low dissolved oxygen resistant traits were selected from the G2 generation to establish different hybrid combinations through incomplete diallel hybridization, compared with the difference of progeny growth and low solubility in low dissolved oxygen traits. The specific studies were as follows: 1, the growth and survival characteristics of the G1 generation of Penaeus prawns with different breeding densities were compared with 8 vannamei shrimp culture groups as parents, and 8 sub generation groups were constructed. The growth and survival traits were studied under 80 tail. M-2200 tail. M-2 and 400 tail m-2 breeding density. The growth and survival traits had significant influence (P0.05). With the increase of density, growth and survival index showed a decline in the growth ratio of.80 tail. M-2, the range and average of survival rate were (8.29~10.38,9.29 + 2.14) and (66.7~96.7,82.9 + 10.5)% respectively, which were significantly higher than 200 tail. M-2400 tail. M-2. Survival index (P0.) 05) there was significant difference (P0.05) in the growth of.3 breeding density (P0.05), and the growth rate was obviously higher than that of the group mean, and the growth rate was higher than that of the group mean 10.4%~17.9%, and the survival rate of YH was obviously higher than that of the group mean, and the survival rate was higher than that of the group mean, and the growth rate was higher than that of the group mean, and the survival rate was higher than that of the group average. .2 of high growth rate and high survival rate was shown. The estimation of genetic parameters and genetic progress of G2 generation and low dissolved oxygen tolerance of Penaeus vannamei population from 40 families from 3200 families of Penaeus vannamei from 40 families were tested for low solubility in low dissolved oxygen at 8 and 13 weeks, respectively, to determine their growth traits and low tolerance. The linear animal model was used to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters of different days of growth and low dissolved oxygen tolerance of Penaeus vannamei. The results showed that the heritability of the growth traits and low dissolved oxygen tolerance of Penaeus vannamei was low medium heritability, which was 0.11~0.23 and 0.07~0.15. in the same period, respectively. The genetic correlation between growth traits was 0.84~0.95, showing a highly linear positive correlation (P0.05), while the genetic correlation between growth traits and low dissolved oxygen traits was 0.24~0.29, showing low linear positive correlation. The genetic correlation of the same traits at different periods was lower (0.18~0.29), indicating the selection of important economic traits at the early stage of the prawn growth stage. The prediction heredity of body length, body mass and low dissolved oxygen trait is 5.0~6.5%, 18.2~23.5%, 7.6~15.7%, indicating the good breeding effect of genetic improvement on Penaeus vannamei using family breeding,.3, genetic parameters of G3 generation and low oxygen tolerance in the breeding population of Penaeus vannamei. Estimates and genetic advances were selected from 75 families of 6000 Penaeus vannamei from 75 families to test their growth traits and low solubility in oxygen tolerance. The variance components and genetic parameters of the growth and low dissolved oxygen tolerance of Penaeus vannamei during harvest were estimated by linear animal models. The heritability of long and harvest mass of Penaeus prawns was 0.35 + 0.11 and 0.48 + 0.15 respectively, showing a high heritability level and significant statistical test (P0.05). The phenotypic correlation and genetic correlation between the harvest length and the harvest mass were 0.89 and 0.95, respectively, and showed high linear positive correlation (P0.05). The heritability of the traits was 0.07 + 0.03, showing low heritability. The phenotypic correlation and genetic correlation between growth traits and low dissolved oxygen traits were 0.11~0.13 and 0.14~0.18, respectively, and showed low linear positive correlation (P0.05). The selection reaction and genetic gain of body mass were 1.13 + 0.31g and 11.07%, respectively. And genetic gain was 0.02 + 0.02% and 4.87% respectively, indicating that genetic improvement of the growth traits of Penaeus vannamei can be improved by genetic improvement.4. The growth of the G3 generation and low dissolved oxygen tolerance of Penaeus vannamei was analyzed by the combination of 14 Mating Combinations and the tolerance of low dissolved oxygen stress. There were significant differences, indicating that the growth and tolerance to low oxygen tolerance of the mating combinations had great potential for improvement. The traits of the hybrid offspring were determined by the male parent, the general combining ability of the mother parent and the special mating ability of the mating combination. The GCA effect values of the growth traits and low dissolved oxygen resistance of a family parents were all positive. The value, respectively 0.043~0.403 and 0.163, indicated that the family a could inherit the good growth and low solubility oxygen resistance to the hybrids. The special combination force analysis showed that the SCA effect value of the hybrid AB growth character was the best, it was the best hybrid combination of the growth traits, and the special combination ability of the hybrid combination AC with low dissolved oxygen was the greatest. The optimal hybrid combination resistant to low dissolved oxygen can provide a candidate material.5 for further family breeding. The genetic parameters of the growth and survival traits at different growth stages of the G3 generation of Penaeus vannamei were estimated by linear animal models to estimate the variance components and inheritance of Jie Duansheng length and low dissolved oxygen tolerance of Penaeus vannamei. The results showed that after the common culture of 30d, 60d, 90d and 120d, the heritability of the growth traits of Penaeus vannamei was 0.24~0.46, showing the level of high heritability; the heritability of the survival traits was 0.01~0.06, showing the low heritability level, and the statistical test (P0.05). The phenotypic correlation and remains of the growth traits of Penaeus vannamei. 0.82~0.95 and 0.91~0.97, respectively, showed a highly linear positive correlation, and the phenotype correlation and genetic correlation between the growth traits and the survivable forms were negatively correlated, and the value was for the comparison and correlation analysis of the first 50% families of the first 50% of the growth traits and the survivable breeding values at each growth stage of -0.15~-0.22.. The results showed that with the growth of day age, the higher the same rate of family ranking between adjacent growth stages, the higher the correlation coefficient of breeding value, the longer the growth period, the greater the correlation of characters. Therefore, the authors think that the early screening period of the family of Penaeus vannamei can not be lower than that before 90d in the common environment. As for further research, it needs to be from the remains. The point of view of the dynamic analysis is further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S917.4

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