本文選題：母豬 + 淘汰　； 參考：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：主動淘汰母豬可維持母豬群合理的胎次結(jié)構(gòu)、保證母豬群高產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn),提高豬場經(jīng)濟(jì)效益；母豬被動淘汰率過高將影響豬場生產(chǎn)的穩(wěn)定,增加養(yǎng)殖成本。為探明影響廣東省某規(guī)模化豬場母豬繁殖壽命原因,我們采用臨床觀察、實(shí)地跟蹤記錄和數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等研究方法進(jìn)行調(diào)查與分析,結(jié)果如下：2015年5月至2016年2月,該場母豬月均存欄1350頭,其間共淘汰母豬485頭,豬場淘汰率為35.93%。由于該場建場不足3年,該場母豬主動淘汰率為0,被動淘汰率為100%。不同月份中母豬淘汰頭數(shù)有所不同,而10月份淘汰的母豬數(shù)最多,比例為4.87%；12月份母豬淘汰數(shù)次之,比例為4.52%；2月份淘汰母豬數(shù)最少,比例為2.41%。在各淘汰原因中,因繁殖障礙、子宮內(nèi)膜炎、肢蹄病、死亡和其他原因淘汰的比例分別為：25.57%、42.47%、7.01%、19.67%和5.98%；因子宮內(nèi)膜炎和繁殖障礙淘汰的母豬比例為68.04%,占淘汰母豬總數(shù)的一半以上,為該場母豬淘汰的主要原因；而子宮內(nèi)膜炎為該場母豬淘汰的最主要原因。在各胎次淘汰的母豬中,以3胎和4胎母豬淘汰的比例最大,占到母豬淘汰總數(shù)的55.06%,超過半數(shù)以上；其中3胎母豬淘汰最多,占31.55%。5胎母豬淘汰的最少,僅占6.80%。在母豬死亡情況調(diào)查中,因急性胃腸脹氣、產(chǎn)后高燒、難產(chǎn)及子宮脫、消化道出血、長期不食和其他原因死亡的母豬,占母豬死亡總數(shù)的比例分別為28.26%、15.22%、30.43%、5.43%、14.04%和7.61%；母豬因難產(chǎn)及子宮脫死亡比例最高,急性胃腸脹氣次之。在對造成母豬子宮內(nèi)膜炎的分娩因素調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)：該場有過掏胎助產(chǎn)經(jīng)歷的母豬發(fā)病率為100%(20/20),靜脈滴注縮宮素助產(chǎn),母豬發(fā)病25%(1/4),胎衣滯留母豬發(fā)病58.11%(43/74),胎兒滯留母豬斷奶后發(fā)病92.31%(12/13),產(chǎn)程過長母豬斷奶后發(fā)病67.86%(38/56)。其中,掏胎與未掏胎母豬發(fā)生子宮內(nèi)膜差異極顯著(P0.01)；是否使用縮宮素與母豬是否發(fā)生子宮內(nèi)膜炎,二者存在顯著差異(P0.05)；胎衣是否滯留與母豬是否發(fā)生子宮內(nèi)膜炎二者之間存在極顯著差異(P0.01)；有無胎兒滯留與母豬是否發(fā)生子宮內(nèi)膜炎,二者之間存在極顯著差異(P=0.01)；母豬產(chǎn)程過長與母豬產(chǎn)程正常與母豬發(fā)生子宮內(nèi)膜炎,二者存在極顯著差異(P0.01)。在母豬體表情況調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)：該場眼觀母豬體表各部位有明顯損傷情況的部位占調(diào)查總部位的4.93%。其中,母豬乳盤和前肢臂部損傷最多,分別占母豬體表總損傷部位的16.7%和16.02%。結(jié)論：通過調(diào)查與分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),該場全年無重大疫情發(fā)生,影響母豬淘汰的因素主要為非傳染性因素；該場母豬淘汰率為35.93%,均為被動淘汰,淘汰率偏高：母豬子宮內(nèi)膜炎和繁殖障礙為影響該場母豬淘汰的主要原因；因此,做好母豬子宮內(nèi)膜炎和繁殖障礙的防治工作,對提高該場母豬繁殖壽命具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The active elimination of sows can maintain a reasonable parity structure of sows, ensure the high yield and stable production of sows, and improve the economic benefits of pig farms. The high passive elimination rate of sows will affect the stability of pig production and increase the breeding cost. In order to find out the reasons that affect the reproductive life of sows in a large-scale pig farm in Guangdong Province, we investigated and analyzed the reasons by clinical observation, field tracking records and statistical analysis of data. The results are as follows: from May 2015 to February 2016, There were 1350 sows per month in this farm, and 485 sows were eliminated, and the elimination rate was 35.933. Since the farm was built for less than 3 years, the active elimination rate and passive elimination rate of sows were 0 and 100, respectively. The number of sows eliminated in different months was different, but the number of sows eliminated in October was the highest, the proportion was 4.87%, the proportion was 4.52% and the proportion was 4.52%, the proportion was 2.41%. Among the reasons for elimination, the proportion of reproductive disorders, endometritis, foot and limb disease, death and other reasons eliminated were respectively 19.67% and 5.98% because of reproductive disorders, 42.47% and 7.01%, respectively; the proportion of sows eliminated due to endometritis and reproductive disorders was 68.04, accounting for more than half of the total number of sows eliminated. Endometritis was the main reason for the elimination of sows. Three and four sows were eliminated the largest proportion, accounting for 55.06% of the total number of sows eliminated, more than half of the total number of sows eliminated, among which 3 sows eliminated the most, accounting for 31.55.5 sows eliminated the least, accounting for 6.80% of the total number of sows eliminated. In the sows death survey, sows died from acute gastrointestinal flatulence, postpartum fever, dystocia, gastrointestinal bleeding, long-term non-eating and other causes. The proportion of death in sows was 28.26%, 15.22%, 30.43% and 5.43%, 14.04% and 7.61%, respectively. The mortality rate of sows due to dystocia and uterine detachment was the highest, followed by acute gastrointestinal flatulence. In the investigation of the factors causing endometritis in sows, we found that the incidence rate of the sows that had the experience of fetching out and giving birth was 100 to 20 / 20, intravenous drip of oxytocin was used to assist the delivery of labor. The morbidity of sows was 25 / 1 / 4 / 4, the incidence of retained sows was 58.11% / 74%, the incidence of fetal retention sows was 92.31% / 12 / 13% after weaning, and the incidence was 67.86% (38 / 56%) after weaning. Among them, the difference of endometrium between fetching and non-fetching sows was extremely significant (P0.01); whether the use of oxytocin was used to induce endometritis in sows, There were significant differences between the two groups (P0.05), the difference between the retention of fetal coat and the occurrence of endometritis in sows (P0.01), and the relationship between the presence of fetus and the occurrence of endometritis in sows. There was a very significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01), and there was a significant difference between the overlong delivery process of sows and the development of endometritis between sows and sows (P 0.01). In the investigation of sows' body surface, it was found that the obvious damage in different parts of the sows' body surface was 4.933% of the investigation headquarters. The lactation disc and forelimb brachial injuries were the most common in sows, accounting for 16.7% and 16.02% of the total injury sites of sows, respectively. Conclusion: after investigation and analysis, it was found that there was no major epidemic situation in the whole year, the main factors affecting sows elimination were non-communicable factors, and the elimination rate of sows was 35.93, all of which were passive elimination. The elimination rate is high: endometritis and reproductive barrier are the main reasons that affect the sows' elimination, therefore, it is important to improve the reproductive life of sows by doing well the prevention and treatment of endometritis and reproductive barriers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S828

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