發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-13 23:10

  本文選題：慢性病 + 生活行為方式　； 參考：《福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究目的:1.以健康信念模式為理論基礎(chǔ)編制具有信、效度的普通民眾健康信念及生活行為方式調(diào)查量表。2.通過編制的量表調(diào)查普通民眾健康信念及生活行為方式的現(xiàn)狀。3.探討影響健康信念及生活行為方式的影響因素,以結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型分析健康信念對(duì)行為方式的影響作用。研究方法:以健康信念模式為理論基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)自填式問卷,采用方便抽樣方法,利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)進(jìn)行在線匿名調(diào)查收集問卷。采用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)方法分析調(diào)查人群的社會(huì)人口學(xué)特征、健康信念水平和生活行為方式狀況;用多元逐步線性回歸分析法,探討調(diào)查人群的一般人口學(xué)特征與健康信念水平及生活行為方式的關(guān)系;Amos20.0繪制結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型,定量化分析健康信念模式各維度之間相互作用以及健康信念對(duì)生活行為方式的作用大小及方式并用路徑圖將最終模型加以呈現(xiàn)。結(jié)果:1.本次調(diào)查獲得有效問卷5332份。調(diào)查對(duì)象平均年齡39.81±10.43歲,88.0%的人年齡分布在24~54歲之間(N=4693),男女比例分別占到41.2%和58.8%。大部分已婚(80.8%),并且超過一半的參與者擁有大學(xué)以上學(xué)歷(N=4144,77.7%),64.2%(N=3423)的人居住在城市,自報(bào)身體健康者占到69.2%(N=3689)。2.調(diào)查對(duì)象生活行為方式16個(gè)條目累計(jì)得分平均41.27±6.01分,得分率為64.48%,總體表現(xiàn)不良,且不良行為習(xí)慣存在聚集和共存現(xiàn)象。健康信念26個(gè)條目累計(jì)得分平均98.61±9.00分,得分率75.85%,總體水平有待提高。其中疾病的易感性認(rèn)知3個(gè)條目累計(jì)得分平均12.58±1.90分,得分率83.86%。嚴(yán)重性認(rèn)知5個(gè)條目累計(jì)得分平均20.88±3.31分,得分率83.52%。行為轉(zhuǎn)變障礙認(rèn)知7個(gè)條目累計(jì)得分平均19.52±5.28分,得分率55.77%。益處認(rèn)知4個(gè)條目累計(jì)得分平均18.20±2.00,得分率91.0%。行動(dòng)線索4個(gè)條目累計(jì)得分平均15.99±2.22分,得分率79.95%。自我效能上3個(gè)條目累計(jì)得分平均11.41±2.03分,得分率76.06%。3.多元線性回歸分析顯示年齡、性別、健康狀況、退休狀態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、獨(dú)居狀態(tài)、醫(yī)保情況、學(xué)生身份是生活行為方式的影響因素;經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、受教育程度、年齡、身體狀況、性別、農(nóng)村人口、醫(yī)保情況是個(gè)體健康信念水平的影響因素。4.結(jié)構(gòu)方程分析結(jié)果顯示:健康信念模式可解釋健康行為總變異量的51.3%。對(duì)生活行為方式影響最大的是行為轉(zhuǎn)變障礙(影響系數(shù)為-0.603),存在直接效應(yīng),并能通過對(duì)自我效能和行為線索的作用產(chǎn)生間接效應(yīng);其次是自我效能(影響系數(shù)為0.371)和行為益處(影響系數(shù)為0.273),均能產(chǎn)生積極作用;行動(dòng)線索只能通過直接效應(yīng)(影響系數(shù)為0.119)對(duì)生活行為方式產(chǎn)生影響。疾病易感性和疾病嚴(yán)重性認(rèn)知對(duì)生活行為方式的影響作用是負(fù)向的,但影響較弱,影響系數(shù)分別為-0.158和-0.051。結(jié)論:1.本研究以健康信念模式為理論基礎(chǔ)初步構(gòu)建了普通民眾健康信念及生活行為方式調(diào)查量表。通過對(duì)量表的信度和效度檢驗(yàn)證明量表具有良好的信效度,保證調(diào)查結(jié)果的可靠性和準(zhǔn)確性。2.調(diào)查人群生活行為方式現(xiàn)普遍不良,且不良行為習(xí)慣存在聚集和共存現(xiàn)象。必須加強(qiáng)健康宣教工作,全面干預(yù),引導(dǎo)人們戒煙限酒,保持心理平衡、合理膳食、適量運(yùn)動(dòng),預(yù)防慢性病的發(fā)生發(fā)展。3.健康信念意識(shí)有待加強(qiáng),提高個(gè)體對(duì)疾病或健康問題威脅的警覺性,對(duì)疾病嚴(yán)重后果的足夠認(rèn)知,堅(jiān)信良好行為帶來的好處,幫助其正確看待和克服行為改變的困難,建立自信心,并指導(dǎo)具體的健康行為,促進(jìn)健康。4.人們的生活行為方式受眾多因素影響,健康信念意識(shí)起重要作用。在健康教育過程中,對(duì)于不同人口學(xué)特征的個(gè)體應(yīng)做到因人而異,有所側(cè)重,有所加強(qiáng)。研究目的:1.了解確診高血壓患者與非高血壓人群疾病防治信念的基本情況。2.分析人群疾病防治信念的影響因素。3.探討疾病狀態(tài)對(duì)個(gè)體疾病防治信念的影響作用。研究方法:以“高血壓治療態(tài)度與信念評(píng)價(jià)量表(ATRABS)”,采用方便抽樣方法,于社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心及醫(yī)院對(duì)參與者進(jìn)行面對(duì)面現(xiàn)場調(diào)查。采用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)方法分析調(diào)查人群的社會(huì)人口學(xué)特征、高血壓防治信念水平;用多元逐步線性回歸分析人群的疾病防治信念影響因素。結(jié)果:1.共獲得有效問卷457份。調(diào)查對(duì)象平均年齡61.58±14.11歲,男女比例分別占到38.1%和61.9%,其中確診高血壓者310名,非高血壓者147名。2.調(diào)查對(duì)象高血壓防治信念21個(gè)條目累計(jì)得分平均77.52±15.59分,得分率為73.8%,總體態(tài)度介于“意見不明確”與“同意”之間,水平有待提高。其中確診高血壓者信念得分79.00±16.58,非高血壓者信念得分74.33±12.71。3.多元線性回歸分析顯示疾病狀態(tài)(β=0.188,P0.001)、文化程度(β=0.138,P0.01)和退休狀態(tài)(β=0.132,P0.01)是人群疾病防治信念的影響因素。結(jié)論:1.調(diào)查對(duì)象高血壓疾病防治信念水平普遍不高,無論是高血壓組還是非高血壓組,這種意識(shí)的相對(duì)欠缺將對(duì)疾病的預(yù)防和治療帶來不利。2.不同人口學(xué)特征個(gè)體疾病防治信念不同,健康教育的基礎(chǔ)在于提高群體的文化教育水平。3.確診高血壓患者的疾病防治信念高于非高血壓人群,提示高血壓患者發(fā)病后才更關(guān)注自身健康,更了解疾病,但這種意識(shí)的提高往往沒有質(zhì)的改變且相對(duì)滯后,早期引導(dǎo)人群進(jìn)行自我健康和疾病管理是必要的。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. based on the health belief model as the theoretical basis, a questionnaire on health belief and life behavior of ordinary people with confidence and validity was compiled by.2. to investigate the influence factors of health beliefs and living behavior patterns through the.3. survey of the health beliefs and living behavior patterns of ordinary people. The structure Fang Chengmo Analysis of the influence of health belief on the behavior pattern. Research methods: the self-filled questionnaire was designed based on the health belief model, and the convenience sampling method was used to collect the questionnaire online anonymously. The demographic characteristics of the population, the level of health belief and life were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The relationship between the general demographic characteristics of the population and the level of health belief and the way of life and behavior was explored by multiple stepwise linear regression analysis. Amos20.0 was used to draw a structural equation model to quantify the interaction between the various dimensions of the health belief model and the effect of health belief on the way of life and behavior. The results were as follows: 1. questionnaires were obtained in 5332. The average age of the survey was 39.81 + 10.43 years. The age of 88% of the respondents was between 24~54 years (N=4693), and the proportion of men and women accounted for 41.2% and most of the 58.8%. were married (80.8%), and more than half of the participants owned universities. In N=4144,77.7%, 64.2% (N=3423) people live in the city, and 69.2% (N=3689).2. respondents live in the city. The cumulative score of 16 entries is 41.27 + 6.01 points, the score rate is 64.48%, the overall performance is bad, and the bad behavior habits are congregated and coexisted. 26 items of health belief score the cumulative score. The average score was 98.61 + 9 points, with a scoring rate of 75.85%, and the overall level needed to be improved. Among the 3 entries, the cumulative score of the susceptibility cognition of the disease was 12.58 + 1.90 points, the cumulative score of the score rate 83.86%. serious cognition 5 entries averaged 20.88 + 3.31 points, and the score rate of the behavioral transformation obstacle recognized that the cumulative scores of 7 items of 7 items were 19.52 + 5.28 points. The cumulative score of the 4 items of 55.77%. benefits was 18.20 + 2, the cumulative score of the scoring rate 91.0%. action clues was 15.99 + 2.22 points, the cumulative score of the score rate 79.95%. self-efficacy was 11.41 + 2.03 points, and the score rate 76.06%.3. multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, sex, health status, retirement state, and Economic conditions, education, age, physical condition, sex, rural population, and medical insurance are the factors affecting the level of individual health belief.4. structural equation analysis shows that health belief model can explain 51. of the total variation of health behavior. 3%. has the greatest impact on the lifestyle behavior disorder (the impact coefficient is -0.603), which has a direct effect, and can have indirect effects on the role of self efficacy and behavioral clues, and the second is the self efficacy (the coefficient of impact 0.371) and the behavioral benefits (the influence coefficient is 0.273), all of which can produce positive effects; action clues can only be found. The effect of direct effect (influence coefficient is 0.119) on life behavior mode. The effect of disease susceptibility and disease severity cognition on life behavior mode is negative, but the influence coefficient is -0.158 and -0.051. conclusion respectively: the 1. study based on the health belief model as the theoretical basis, initially constructed the general public health. The reliability and validity of the scale proved to have good reliability and validity through the test of the reliability and validity of the scale. The reliability and accuracy of the survey results are guaranteed and the.2. survey of people's living behavior is generally bad, and there is a phenomenon of accumulation and co existence of bad behavior habits. To guide people to stop smoking and limit alcohol, maintain psychological balance, reasonable diet, moderate exercise, and prevent the development of chronic diseases, the.3. health belief consciousness needs to be strengthened, the vigilance of the individual to the threat of disease or health problems, the sufficient cognition of the serious consequences of the disease, the benefits brought by Jian Xinliang's good behavior, and helping them to treat and overcome their actions correctly. In order to change the difficulties, establish self-confidence, and guide the specific health behavior, promote healthy.4. people's life behavior way audience influence, health belief consciousness plays an important role. In the course of health education, individuals with different demographic characteristics should be different, focused, and strengthened. Research purpose: 1. understand Basic situation of disease prevention and control belief in hypertensive patients and non hypertensive people.2. analysis of influence factors on the belief of disease prevention and control in the crowd.3. to explore the influence of disease status on the belief of individual disease prevention and treatment. The service center and the hospital conducted a face-to-face field survey on the participants. The demographic characteristics of the population were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the level of the belief in hypertension prevention and control, and the factors affecting the prevention and control of the disease were analyzed by multiple stepwise linear regression. The results were as follows: 1. a total of 457 valid questionnaires were obtained. The average age of the survey was 61.58. The proportion of men and women accounted for 38.1% and 61.9%, of which 310 were diagnosed with hypertension, and 147.2. subjects in non hypertensive subjects had a cumulative average of 77.52 + 15.59 points, with a scoring rate of 73.8%. The overall attitude was between "undefined opinion" and "consent", and the level was to be improved. Among them, high blood was diagnosed. The score of pressure person's belief was 79 + 16.58, the score of non hypertensive person's belief score was 74.33 + 12.71.3. multivariate linear regression analysis showed disease state (beta =0.188, P0.001), educational level (beta =0.138, P0.01) and retirement state (beta =0.132, P0.01) were the factors affecting the belief of disease prevention and control in the crowd. Conclusion: 1. subjects were generally not in the level of prevention and control of hypertension. High, whether in high blood pressure group or non hypertensive group, the relative lack of consciousness will bring disadvantageous.2. to the prevention and treatment of disease and the belief of individual disease prevention and control with different demography characteristics. The basis of health education is to improve the level of culture and education of the group.3. to confirm the belief of disease prevention and control of hypertension patients higher than that of non hypertensive people. It is suggested that the hypertension patients pay more attention to their own health and know more about the disease, but the improvement of the consciousness is often without qualitative change and relatively lagging. It is necessary to guide the people to carry out self-health and disease management at early stage.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R193

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2 王彤彤;南京市鼓樓區(qū)社區(qū)女性乳腺癌篩查行為干預(yù)研究[D];東南大學(xué);2015年

3 馬國珍;健康信念模式對(duì)社區(qū)流動(dòng)兒童疫苗及時(shí)接種的影響及干預(yù)研究[D];南華大學(xué);2016年

4 代艷;基于健康信念模式的中醫(yī)體質(zhì)干預(yù)對(duì)痰濕質(zhì)高血壓患者調(diào)理效果分析[D];西南醫(yī)科大學(xué);2016年

5 曾勇軍;基于健康信念模式普通民眾生活行為方式影響因素分析[D];福建醫(yī)科大學(xué);2016年

6 楊秀琳;運(yùn)用健康信念模式對(duì)中老年人進(jìn)行骨質(zhì)疏松健康教育效果的研究[D];天津醫(yī)科大學(xué);2009年

7 王瑩;健康信念模式在改善中重度COPD患者健康狀況中的應(yīng)用[D];天津醫(yī)科大學(xué);2011年

8 汪露;健康信念模式改進(jìn)心臟機(jī)械瓣膜置換術(shù)后抗凝管理效果的研究[D];南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);2015年

9 趙晉;健康信念模式對(duì)血管性認(rèn)知障礙患者日常生活能力影響的研究[D];山西醫(yī)科大學(xué);2013年

10 全丹花;健康信念模式對(duì)慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩(wěn)定期患者護(hù)理效果的研究[D];黑龍江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);2014年

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