本文選題：水源地 + 生態(tài)補償��； 參考：《遼寧大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,是萬物賴以生存的根基,是我們?nèi)祟惿�、生產(chǎn)和發(fā)展不可缺少的必要自然資源,水對于人類社會進步來說是具有重要促進作用,是不可替代的寶貴自然資源。水資源中的淡水資源尤為重要,當今,全世界可以為人類所利用的淡水資源總量大致是每年3.45萬億立方米,整個人類每年淡水使用需求總量大致是2.6萬億立方米到3.5萬億立方米,可見淡水資源面對人類的高需求量來說,將要顯現(xiàn)出水資源的稀缺性。初步估算到2025年的時候,全球?qū)⒂薪?0個國家和35億人口將會出現(xiàn)水資源數(shù)量嚴重不足的問題。另外,水資源浪費的現(xiàn)象時有發(fā)生,人為因素對于水資源生態(tài)環(huán)境造成的污染和破壞情況也日益嚴重,又出現(xiàn)了水資源質(zhì)量問題。這些足以說明了人類以往“資源無限,環(huán)境無價”想法已經(jīng)不符合當前實際情況了,那種總是認為水資源是“取之不盡,用之不竭”的觀念也必須予以改變。人類在向大自然大量索取水資源的同時,必須要回報于大自然,需要正確有效地處理好人類社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與水資源生態(tài)環(huán)境保護建設之間的協(xié)調(diào)平衡關(guān)系。針對于保護與建設水源地生態(tài)環(huán)境,我國政府雖說也制定了一些應對政策,并且也收到了一定的良好效果,不過還是沒有能徹底解決水源地經(jīng)濟發(fā)展滯后問題。水源地地區(qū)為了水資源生態(tài)環(huán)境保護與建設,在經(jīng)濟上依然付出了沉重地代價與犧牲,這主要表現(xiàn)為水源地當?shù)刎斦摀^重、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展緩慢、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展被限制而造成機會成本損失、居民經(jīng)濟收入減少。與之相比的受水區(qū)獲得所需水資源,經(jīng)濟較為發(fā)達,受益居民生活水平較高,享受到經(jīng)濟發(fā)展所帶來的福祉。水源地和受水區(qū)兩地之間難免會因為水資源而出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟利益矛盾和沖突,在一定程度上影響了我國社會主義和諧社會的構(gòu)建。水源地生態(tài)補償,對于水質(zhì)保護和水安全十分重要,具有重大戰(zhàn)略和現(xiàn)實意義。(2)當今非常有必要實施水源地生態(tài)補償,水源地生態(tài)補償實際上是一種行之有效的妥善協(xié)調(diào)相關(guān)的各個利益有關(guān)方之間利益關(guān)系的重要手段,它能有效保證受水區(qū)給予水源地相應的生態(tài)補償,當然這種生態(tài)補償既可以是經(jīng)濟形式,也可以是非經(jīng)濟形式。如果水資源利益有關(guān)各方能夠認真貫徹與實施水源地生態(tài)補償,那么就會促進水源地與受水區(qū)兩者區(qū)域經(jīng)濟平衡發(fā)展,縮小因水資源造成的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展差距,實現(xiàn)水源地生態(tài)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文依據(jù)實際情況,明確出遼寧大伙房水庫水資源提供民用生活用水的對象主要是受水區(qū)撫順市、沈陽市、遼陽市、鞍山市、盤錦市、營口市和大連市七城市市轄區(qū)居民,文中所提居民如不做特殊說明都是指市轄區(qū)居民。論文著重研究了以沈陽市、大連市、鞍山市和撫順市這四個具有代表性的城市居民生態(tài)補償支付意愿及其影響因素,測算了基于居民補償意愿的年人均生態(tài)補償支付水平及其修正值、年生態(tài)補償金總額,提出以居民生活用水量為參考依據(jù)的水源地生態(tài)補償金給付途徑。經(jīng)過對調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)采集,使用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件分析發(fā)現(xiàn),四城市居民生態(tài)補償支付意愿受性別、年齡、文化程度、家庭收入與家庭月水費支出影響顯著。調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果顯示:沈陽市、大連市、鞍山市和撫順市四城市居民生態(tài)補償意愿年人均支付水平(修正值)分別為139.15元(修正值為99.07元)、153.13元(修正值為113.76元)、139.08元(修正值為88.01元/)和109.98元(修正值為80.61元);各城市居民年支付總額分別為1.936億元、1.312億元、0.490億元和0.471億元,合計總額為4.209億元/年;推算受水區(qū)七城市居民補償意愿年人均生態(tài)補償金支付水平為132.15元(修正值為95.05元),年生態(tài)補償金總額為4.942億元。通過水資源價值法、成本法與水質(zhì)水量法三種方法測算遼寧大伙房水庫水源地年生態(tài)補償金額,測算結(jié)果分別為28.887億元,4.778億元與3.929億元。將這三種方法測得的年生態(tài)補償金額與本文采取的支付意愿法測得的年生態(tài)補償金總額4.942億元進行比較分析后,認為受水區(qū)城市居民合理支付生態(tài)補償水平應該是介于支付意愿法測得的生態(tài)補償金與水量水質(zhì)法測得的生態(tài)補償金兩者之間,建議取兩者之間的中點值4.436億元做為合理年生態(tài)補償金總額;85.32元作為合理年人均生態(tài)補償金額度,這一研究結(jié)論具有現(xiàn)實意義與可行性。提出了以單位水量的生態(tài)補償金與水價決定的承擔系數(shù)確定受水區(qū)各城市居民應該支付生態(tài)補償金額度;以流域面積和入庫水量決定的貢獻系數(shù)來確定水源地各地區(qū)間生態(tài)補償金分配額度。具體來說,全文共分為七章,各章主要內(nèi)容分別是:第一章是緒論。闡明論文選題背景與論文研究意義,并且列舉出了大量的國內(nèi)和國外的有關(guān)水源地生態(tài)補償?shù)难芯砍晒右钥偨Y(jié)評價,說明論文主要的研究方法、寫作思路,創(chuàng)新點與存在的不足。第二章是水源地生態(tài)補償基礎理論。主要包括經(jīng)濟學、生態(tài)學與資源環(huán)境學三大領域理論。各個基礎理論錯綜復雜地具有一定的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)性,由此提供了測算水源地生態(tài)補償意愿支付水平、分析水源地生態(tài)補償支付意愿影響因素的理論框架。第三章是水源地生態(tài)環(huán)境與生態(tài)補償現(xiàn)狀分析。從自然、經(jīng)濟與水資源生態(tài)環(huán)境三方面分析了水源地生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀,比較了國內(nèi)外水源地生態(tài)補償情況后闡述遼寧大伙房水庫水源地生態(tài)補償現(xiàn)狀,進而提出水源地生態(tài)補償?shù)谋匾�。第四章是居民生態(tài)補償意愿調(diào)查與支付水平分析。首先介紹了CVM法,其次較為詳細地說明對四城市進行居民生態(tài)補償支付意愿調(diào)查問卷的設計、調(diào)查樣本的選擇、調(diào)查的組織與實施以及調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)描述;再次就市轄區(qū)居民生態(tài)補償支付意愿狀況調(diào)查進行分析;最后通過CVM法調(diào)查分析了四個受水城市整體居民補償意愿支付水平、不同城市居民補償意愿支付水平與不同因素影響的城市居民補償意愿支付水平。第五章是居民生態(tài)補償支付意愿影響因素分析。對居民生態(tài)補償支付意愿影響因素做了一些假設,結(jié)合調(diào)查問卷數(shù)據(jù)使用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行單變量檢驗并且構(gòu)建了居民生態(tài)補償支付意愿Logistic回歸模型。在構(gòu)建模型的基礎之上,分別從單個城市居民與四城市整體居民兩個方面分析了影響城市居民生態(tài)補償支付意愿顯著影響因素。第六章是基于居民補償意愿的生態(tài)補償金給付途徑。通過水資源價值、成本法、水量水質(zhì)法三種方法來比較CVM法測算的生態(tài)補償金,提出CVM法測得的生態(tài)補償金具有一定合理性與可行性,確定七城市基于居民支付意愿的合理生態(tài)補償金額度是年4.436億元,年人均合理支付水平85.32元。提出受水區(qū)各城市居民按照以承擔系數(shù)確定的生態(tài)補償金進行支付,水源地各地區(qū)間按照貢獻系數(shù)確定的生態(tài)補償金進行分配。第七章是研究結(jié)論與政策建議。研究結(jié)論主要包括水源地居民受償標準有待提高、在水費里增加生態(tài)補償金現(xiàn)實可行、居民支付意愿受不同因素影響有顯著差異、居民生態(tài)補償意愿支付額度必須具有合意性。針對研究結(jié)論提出加強居民對生態(tài)補償?shù)男麄髁Χ群蛥⑴c意識、建立水價與生態(tài)補償金聯(lián)動機制、提高居民文化程度和水資源使用效率、制定合理的基于居民支付意愿的生態(tài)補償標準等政策建議。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, the foundation on which everything depends. It is indispensable natural resources for our human life, production and development. Water is an important and irreplaceable natural resource for the progress of human society. The fresh water resources in water resources are particularly important. Today, the world can be used by mankind. The total amount of fresh water resources is approximately 3 trillion and 450 billion cubic meters per year. The total human demand for fresh water is roughly 2 trillion and 600 billion cubic meters to 3 trillion and 500 billion cubic meters per year. The scarcity of water resources will be revealed in the face of high demand for human beings. It is estimated that by 2025, there will be nearly 50 countries and 35 of the world. There will be a serious shortage of water resources. In addition, the phenomenon of the waste of water resources occurs, the pollution and destruction caused by human factors to the ecological environment of water resources are increasingly serious, and the quality of water resources has appeared. These are enough to show that the idea of "unlimited resources and unvaluable environment" has already been explained. The idea that the water resources are always "inexhaustible and inexhaustible" must be changed without the current actual situation. At the same time, human beings must pay back to the nature and deal with the development of human society and economy and the protection of the ecological environment of water resources correctly and effectively. In order to protect and construct the ecological environment of the water source land, our government has made some countermeasures, and has received some good results, but it still has not completely solved the lagging problem of the economic development of the water source area. The area of water source area is economically dependent on the protection and construction of the water resources and the ecological environment. However, the heavy cost and sacrifice are paid, which is mainly manifested in the heavy local financial burden of the water source, the slow economic development, the restriction of the industrial development and the loss of the opportunity cost and the decrease of the income of the residents. The economic development is relatively high, the living standard of the beneficiary residents is higher and the economic development is enjoyed. The welfare of the water source area and the water receiving area is unavoidable because of the contradiction and conflict between the economic interests and the water resources. It has influenced the construction of the socialist harmonious society in our country to a certain extent. The ecological compensation of the water source area is very important to the water quality protection and water safety. (2) it is very important today. It is necessary to carry out the ecological compensation of the water source, and the ecological compensation of the water source is an effective and effective means to properly coordinate the related interests of all stakeholders. It can effectively guarantee the corresponding ecological compensation to the water source in the water area. Of course, this ecological compensation can be both economic and non economic. Form. If the stakeholders of the water resources interests can conscientiously implement and implement the ecological compensation of the water source land, it will promote the regional economic balance development between the water source and the water receiving area, reduce the economic development gap caused by the water resources, and realize the sustainable development of the ecological environment of the water source area. According to the actual situation, this paper makes clear the Liaoning gang. The main object of the water resources of the reservoir water supply is the residents in the seven city districts of Fushun, Shenyang, Liaoyang, Anshan, Panjin, Yingkou and Dalian. The residents in the article refer to the residents in the city. The paper focuses on the study of Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan and Fushun. Four representative urban residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation and its influencing factors, calculate the annual per capita ecological compensation payment level and its revised value based on the residents' compensation will. SPSS17.0 statistical software analysis showed that the four urban residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation was significantly affected by sex, age, educational level, family income and family monthly water expenditure. The results of the survey data analysis showed that the annual per capita payment level of residents in four cities in Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan and Fushun City (Revised) 139.15 yuan (revised value of 99.07 yuan), 153.13 yuan (corrected value of 113.76 yuan), 139.08 yuan (corrected value of 88.01 yuan /) and 109.98 yuan (revised value of 80.61 yuan), the total annual payment of urban residents was 193 million 600 thousand yuan, 131 million 200 thousand yuan, 49 million yuan and 47 million 100 thousand, total total amount of 420 million 900 thousand yuan per year; the compensation for the compensation of residents in the water receiving area. The annual per capita ecological compensation payment level is 132.15 yuan (revised value of 95.05 yuan), and the annual ecological compensation amount is 494 million 200 thousand yuan. The annual ecological compensation amount of Liaoning Dahuofang reservoir is calculated by the water resource value method, cost method and water quality and water method, and the estimated results are 2 billion 888 million 700 thousand yuan, 477 million 800 thousand yuan and 392 million 900 thousand yuan respectively. After comparison and analysis of the annual ecological compensation amount measured by these three methods and the total annual ecological compensation 494 million 200 thousand yuan measured by the method of payment will in this paper, it is considered that the ecological compensation level of urban residents in the water area should be the ecological compensation measured by the method of payment willingness and the method of water quality and water quality measured by the willingness to pay method. Between the two, it is suggested that the middle point value of 443 million 600 thousand yuan between the two is taken as the total annual ecological compensation total; 85.32 yuan as a reasonable annual per capita ecological compensation amount, this research conclusion is of practical significance and feasibility. The amount of ecological compensation should be paid, and the contribution coefficient determined by the area of the basin and the amount of water content should be used to determine the allocation of ecological compensation in each area of the water source. In particular, the full text is divided into seven chapters. The main contents of the chapters are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction. The research results of ecological compensation of water source land at home and abroad are summarized and evaluated, which illustrates the main research methods, writing ideas, innovation points and shortcomings. The second chapter is the basic theory of ecological compensation for water sources, mainly including economics, ecology and resource environment theory in three fields. The basic theories are complex and complex. The third chapter is the analysis of the ecological environment and the current situation of ecological compensation in the water source area, and analyzes the ecological ring of the water source area from three aspects of nature, economy and water resources. The status of ecological compensation in water source land at home and abroad is compared, and the ecological compensation status of Liaoning Dahuang Fang reservoir is expounded, and the necessity of ecological compensation is put forward. The fourth chapter is the survey of residents' willingness to compensate for ecological compensation and the analysis of the level of payment. First, the CVM method is introduced, and it is more detailed to explain the residents' living in four cities. The design of the questionnaire of state compensation willingness to pay, the selection of the sample, the organization and implementation of the investigation, and the description of the survey data, and the analysis of the status of the residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation in the municipal district. Finally, the compensation level of the four urban residents' compensation will be analyzed by the CVM method, and the compensation for the residents in different cities is compensated. The fifth chapter is the analysis of the factors affecting the willingness to pay for urban residents' ecological compensation. The fifth chapter makes some assumptions on the influencing factors of the residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation, and uses the questionnaire data to make single variable test with SPSS17.0 statistics and build the livelihood of the people's livelihood. Logistic regression model of state compensation payment intention. On the basis of the construction model, the significant factors affecting urban residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation are analyzed from two aspects of individual urban residents and four urban residents. The sixth chapter is the way of ecological compensation payment based on Residents' compensation will. This method, three methods of water quality and water quality method to compare the ecological compensation calculated by the CVM method, put forward the rationality and feasibility of the ecological compensation obtained by the CVM method. The reasonable ecological compensation amount of the seven cities based on the residents' willingness to pay is 443 million 600 thousand yuan, and the annual per capita reasonable payment level is 85.32 yuan. According to the ecological compensation which is determined by the bearing coefficient, the ecological compensation funds determined by the contribution coefficient are allocated among the regions of the water source area. The seventh chapter is the research conclusion and the policy suggestion. The conclusion mainly includes the improvement of the standard of compensation for the residents in the water source area, and the practical feasibility of increasing the ecological compensation in the water fee and the payment of the residents. There are significant differences in the influence of different factors. The amount of the residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation must be consensual. In view of the research conclusions, it is proposed to strengthen the publicity and participation consciousness of the residents for ecological compensation, to establish a linkage mechanism between water price and ecological compensation, to improve the residents' cultural degree and the efficiency of water resources, and to make rational based on the residents. Policy recommendations such as the ecological compensation standard for the willingness to pay.

【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV213.4;X321

【參考文獻】

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本文編號：1857291