本文選題：健康投資 + 教育投資��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為世界上人口最多的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,中國(guó)的人均耕地面積只有0.1公頃,不足世界平均水平的一半,在這樣一個(gè)人多地少的國(guó)家,城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化的推進(jìn)必然促使農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力向城市和非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的大量轉(zhuǎn)移。“農(nóng)民工”成為中國(guó)大規(guī)模的鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的特殊群體,在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)共享發(fā)展的宏觀背景下,如何使農(nóng)民工市民化是關(guān)系城鎮(zhèn)化質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。但是農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移人口的綜合素質(zhì)與人力資本含量較低,農(nóng)村進(jìn)城勞動(dòng)力雖實(shí)現(xiàn)了地域轉(zhuǎn)移和職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)換,但就業(yè)能力不足,無(wú)法在城市扎根落腳,這不僅影響轉(zhuǎn)移人口自身的就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性和生活水平,而且也影響到城鎮(zhèn)化質(zhì)量。農(nóng)戶人力資本投資可以有效的促進(jìn)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力人力資本的積累,提升勞動(dòng)力的綜合素質(zhì)與就業(yè)能力,進(jìn)一步加快農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動(dòng)力融入城市,逐漸實(shí)現(xiàn)市民化�；谝陨犀F(xiàn)實(shí)背景,本文從農(nóng)戶人力資本投資的視角出發(fā),以國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究為起點(diǎn),通過(guò)對(duì)已有研究理論及成果的梳理與總結(jié),探討農(nóng)戶人力資本投資及其不同投資構(gòu)成對(duì)鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的影響。本文以人力資本投資理論、人口流動(dòng)理論和勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移理論為理論基礎(chǔ),對(duì)文章涉及的人力資本、農(nóng)戶人力資本投資、鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移等概念進(jìn)行界定,同時(shí)對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)戶人力資本投資現(xiàn)狀、區(qū)域差異、結(jié)構(gòu)差異進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)考察,并結(jié)合中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的具體特征對(duì)鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的歷史階段進(jìn)行梳理。然后從勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移主體的決策視角出發(fā)分析了影響鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的因素,并將人力資本投資函數(shù)引入托達(dá)羅城鄉(xiāng)人口遷移模型構(gòu)建一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的數(shù)理分析框架,進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)均衡分析,揭示了農(nóng)戶人力資本投資對(duì)鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的影響機(jī)制,進(jìn)一步探究了農(nóng)戶健康投資、教育投資、遷移投資對(duì)鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的作用機(jī)理。在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用Stata軟件,基于中國(guó)1997年至2014年省級(jí)面板數(shù)據(jù),采用多種計(jì)量分析方法對(duì)農(nóng)戶健康投資、教育投資、遷移投資對(duì)鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的影響作用分別從總體和區(qū)域?qū)用孢M(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。最后,結(jié)合研究結(jié)論從農(nóng)戶人力資本投資角度提出促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)移的政策建議。通過(guò)理論分析和實(shí)證檢驗(yàn),研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)農(nóng)戶人力資本投資、農(nóng)戶健康投資、教育投資、遷移投資都有了大幅度的提升,但投資結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生了較大變化,教育投資占比逐漸降低,遷移投資占比逐年上升,健康投資比重沒(méi)有發(fā)生較大變化。(2)農(nóng)戶人力資本投資、農(nóng)戶健康投資、教育投資、遷移投資都是影響鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)鍵因素,在控制其他變量的情況下均與鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移存在長(zhǎng)期均衡關(guān)系。(3)在全國(guó)層面上,各種類型的農(nóng)戶人力資本投資均顯著地促進(jìn)了鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移。區(qū)域?qū)用嫔?農(nóng)戶人力資本投資、農(nóng)戶健康投資、教育投資、遷移投資對(duì)鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的影響均具有顯著的區(qū)域差異,其影響作用表現(xiàn)出從東部地區(qū)向西部地區(qū)逐漸遞減的趨勢(shì),到西部地區(qū)這一影響作用變?yōu)樨?fù)向。在投資結(jié)構(gòu)上,教育投資對(duì)鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的影響作用最大,健康投資和遷移投資的影響作用存在區(qū)域差異,東、中部地區(qū)遷移投資影響最小,西部地區(qū)健康投資影響最小。(4)鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移具有顯著的路徑依賴特征,由于信息傳遞的影響,上一期的鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)本期表現(xiàn)出顯著地促進(jìn)作用,這一特征在全國(guó)樣本和分區(qū)域樣本中均得到了證實(shí)�；谏鲜鲋饕芯拷Y(jié)論并結(jié)合本文的研究目的,提出以下政策建議:(1)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村教育發(fā)展,拓展義務(wù)教育年限,提高農(nóng)民教育文化水平,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)教育公平,優(yōu)化教育資源配置,促進(jìn)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力教育人力資本的不斷積累。(2)完善公共健康投資政策,加強(qiáng)公共健康向農(nóng)村地區(qū)的投資力度,重視農(nóng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生保健事業(yè)的發(fā)展,緩解農(nóng)戶在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生方面的負(fù)擔(dān),積極促進(jìn)農(nóng)戶健康人力資本的積累,為農(nóng)民非農(nóng)就業(yè)和城鎮(zhèn)遷移做好保障。(3)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的交通通信等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),建立城鄉(xiāng)一體的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)需求信息服務(wù)系統(tǒng),保障勞動(dòng)力的自由流動(dòng),減少勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn),鼓勵(lì)并引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民尤其是西部地區(qū)農(nóng)民進(jìn)行有效的遷移投資,合理有序的引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民向城市轉(zhuǎn)移。(4)進(jìn)一步深化戶籍制度改革,打破城鄉(xiāng)分割藩籬,改善轉(zhuǎn)移勞動(dòng)力在城市的生活條件,充分利用鄉(xiāng)-城勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的路徑依賴特征,為農(nóng)村潛在的遷移者傳遞利好消息,提升農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移意愿。
[Abstract]:As the most populous developing country in the world, China's per capita arable land is only 0.1 hectares, less than half of the world's average level. In such a country with fewer people, urbanization and industrialization will inevitably lead to a large transfer of rural surplus labor to cities and non-agricultural industries. "Migrant workers" have become a large scale in China. Under the macro background of China's economic sharing and development, how to make the citizenization of rural migrant workers is the key problem in the transformation of urbanization quality and economic structure, but the comprehensive quality and human capital content of the rural transferred population are low, although the rural labor force has realized the regional transformation. It is not enough to take root in the city, which not only affects the employment stability and living standard of the transfer of the population, but also affects the quality of urbanization. The investment of human capital can effectively promote the accumulation of manpower capital in rural labor, and improve the comprehensive quality and employability of the labor force. To further accelerate the transfer of rural labor force into the city and gradually realize the citizenization. Based on the above realistic background, this paper, starting from the domestic and foreign related research, starts from the perspective of the investment in human capital and studies the existing research theories and achievements, and discusses the investment and different investment of farmers' human capital to the township and city. This paper, based on the theory of human capital investment, the theory of population flow and the theory of labor transfer, defines the concept of human capital, human capital investment, rural labor transfer and so on. At the same time, the present situation, regional differences and structural differences of Chinese farmers' human capital investment are carried out. According to the specific characteristics of the transfer of labor force in China, it combs the historical stage of the rural labor transfer. Then, from the perspective of the decision-making of the labor transfer subject, the factors that affect the rural labor transfer are analyzed, and the human capital investment function is introduced into a unified number of urban and rural population migration model. The analysis framework, dynamic equilibrium analysis, reveals the impact mechanism of farmer's human capital investment on the rural labor transfer, and further explores the mechanism of farmers' health investment, education investment and transfer investment on the rural labor transfer. Based on this, Stata software is used, based on China's provincial panel data from 1997 to 2014. A variety of quantitative analysis methods are used to examine the impact of farmers' health investment, educational investment and transfer investment on rural urban labor transfer from the overall and regional level. Finally, the policy suggestions are put forward to promote the sustainable and stable transfer of rural urban labor force from the perspective of the investment of farmers' human capital. On the basis of analysis and empirical test, it is found that: (1) the investment of farmers' human capital, the healthy investment of farmers, the investment in education and the transfer of investment have been greatly improved, but the investment structure has been greatly changed, the proportion of investment in education is gradually reduced, the proportion of investment and investment is rising year by year, and the proportion of health investment has not changed greatly. (2) the human capital of farmers. The investment, the healthy investment of farmers, the educational investment, the migration and investment are all the key factors that affect the rural labor transfer. In the case of controlling the other variables, there is a long-term equilibrium relationship with the rural labor transfer. (3) in the national level, all kinds of farmers' investment in human capital have significantly promoted the rural labor transfer. On the domain level, there are significant regional differences in the impact of farmers' human capital investment, farmers' healthy investment, educational investment, and migration investment on the rural labor transfer. The impact of this effect shows a gradual decreasing trend from the eastern region to the western region, and the influence of the western region to the western region is negative. In the investment structure, education investment is invested. The impact of capital on rural labor transfer is the most important. There are regional differences in the impact of healthy investment and migration investment. The impact of migration investment in East and central areas is minimal, and the impact of health investment in the western region is minimal. (4) the rural urban labor transfer has a significant path dependence. On the basis of the above main conclusions and the purpose of this study, the following policy suggestions are put forward: (1) strengthen the development of rural education, expand the number of years of educational education, improve the educational level of the peasants, and further improve the educational level of the peasants. To promote educational equity, optimize the allocation of educational resources and promote the continuous accumulation of human capital in rural labor education. (2) improve public health investment policy, strengthen the investment of public health to rural areas, pay attention to the development of rural medical and health care, alleviate the burden of farmers in medical and health, and actively promote the healthy people of farmers. The accumulation of force capital will guarantee farmers' non-agricultural employment and urban migration. (3) strengthen the infrastructure construction of traffic and communication in rural areas, establish an integrated labor market demand information service system in urban and rural areas, guarantee the free flow of labor force, reduce the potential risks in the transfer process of labor force, encourage and guide farmers, especially West. The farmers in the Ministry of the region have carried out effective migration and investment to guide the transfer of farmers in a reasonable and orderly way. (4) further deepen the reform of the household registration system, break the barriers of urban and rural division, improve the living conditions of the transfer of labor in the city, make full use of the path dependence of the rural labor transfer, and carry out good news for the potential migrants in the countryside. The willingness to transfer the rural labor force.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323.6

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