本文選題：夏鵑 + 園林應(yīng)用��； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：夏鵑(Rhododendron pulchrumm),由 R.indicum 和 R.eriocarpum(Hayata)Nakai雜交或變異而來,種類繁多,花色艷麗,具有較高的觀賞價值及經(jīng)濟(jì)價值�；ㄆ跒�5月下旬至6月,為杜鵑中開花較晚的品種。目前,我國廣泛栽培的杜鵑園藝品種約有300個,但在園林綠化應(yīng)用中主要以毛鵑為主,存在品種單一,耐熱性差,花期主要集中于4～5月等問題,不利于夏季城市園林綠化造景及城市彩化的應(yīng)用。本文以福建天藍(lán)藍(lán)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司引進(jìn)的83個夏鵑品種為調(diào)查對象,建立夏鵑品種資源圃,進(jìn)行周年栽培與觀察,利用AHP層次分析法構(gòu)建夏鵑品種園林應(yīng)用綜合評價模型,經(jīng)驗證后篩選出綜合性狀表現(xiàn)優(yōu)良的夏鵑品種。以'紅萬重'、'若惠比須'、'紫辰殿'這三個夏鵑品種為試驗材料,用不同輻照劑量的高能電子束對半木質(zhì)化枝條進(jìn)行物理誘變;以夏鵑品種'戈賓'的幼芽為試驗材料,采用不同濃度的化學(xué)誘變劑(EMS、NaN_3)對其芽進(jìn)行不同時長的誘變。通過對誘變處理后枝條成活率的統(tǒng)計和植株形態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo)的測定,探究不同夏鵑品種輻照敏感性差異與其適宜的輻照劑量、以及適宜的EMS及NaN_3誘變模式,為夏鵑品種的園林應(yīng)用及其誘變育種提供參考。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.初次建立了基于AHP層次分析法的夏鵑品種綜合評價體系。根據(jù)對14個指標(biāo)的評價結(jié)果,把83個夏鵑品種分為3級:得分4.00分為Ⅰ級,園林應(yīng)用價值最高,共有'熏鳳'、'石巖杜鵑'、'若惠比須'等8個品種;得分4.00～3.05分為Ⅱ級,園林應(yīng)用價值一般,共有'天章'、'上總紫'、'都賀之春'等48個品種;得分3.05分為Ⅲ級,園林應(yīng)用價值較低,共有'朝櫻'、'壬生之華'、'大杯'等27個品種。2.探究了夏鵑扦插繁殖和嫁接繁殖的適宜輻射劑量。采用處理/對照的成活率為60%～70%的劑量范圍作為高能電子束適宜的輻照劑量,采用扦插繁殖的夏鵑品種的適宜輻照劑量為60 Gy～80 Gy,敏感性由高到低為:'紫辰殿''若惠比須''紅萬重';采用嫁接繁殖的夏鵑品種的適宜輻照劑量為50 Gy～70 Gy,敏感性由高到低為:'若惠比須''紫辰殿''紅萬重'。3.研究了夏鵑幼芽適宜的EMS和NaN_3誘變條件。隨著EMS和NaN_3濃度的升高和處理時間的延長,夏鵑芽的成活率呈逐漸降低趨勢。高濃度及長時間的處理對夏鵑幼芽的生長具有顯著的抑制作用,導(dǎo)致夏鵑芽出現(xiàn)生長緩慢,節(jié)間距縮短,及葉片皺縮、卷曲等變異現(xiàn)象。30mM～60mM處理1d或30mM處理2d為夏鵑合適的EMS誘變條件,其變異率為0.9%～5.3%,芽損傷指數(shù)為0.6～6.9,同時,芽損傷指數(shù)≥8.2時的誘變處理為致死誘變。6 mM～8 mM處理1 d,6mM處理2d或2mM處理3d為夏鵑適宜的NaN_3誘變條件,其變異率約為0.6～3.5%,芽損傷指數(shù)為:3.6～4.7。
[Abstract]:Rhododendron pulchrummium, a variety of species, has a high ornamental value and economic value. It is derived from the hybridization or variation of R.indicum and R.eriocarpum(Hayata)Nakai. The flowering period is from late May to June, which is the late flowering variety of Rhododendron. At present, there are about 300 widely cultivated cultivars of Rhododendron in China, but in the application of garden greening, the main species is Rhododendron, the variety is single, the heat resistance is poor, the flowering period is mainly concentrated in April to May and so on. It is unfavorable to the application of urban landscaping and city color in summer. In this paper, 83 rhododendron varieties introduced by Fujian Tianlan Blue Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd were investigated. The resource nursery of Rhododendron was established, and the annual cultivation and observation were carried out. The comprehensive evaluation model of the garden application of rhododendron was constructed by using AHP analytic hierarchy process, and the varieties with excellent comprehensive characters were selected after verification. Three Rhododendron cultivars, 'Ruohuanzhuo' and 'Zichen Dian', were used as experimental materials. The semi-lignified branches were induced by high energy electron beam with different doses of irradiation, and the young buds of Rhododendron variety 'Gobin' were used as experimental materials. Different concentrations of chemical mutagens EMSN _ 3 were used to mutate the buds for different duration. Based on the statistics of the survival rate of branches after mutagenesis and the determination of plant morphological indexes, the difference of irradiation sensitivity and the appropriate dose of irradiation in different cultivars of Rhododendron were studied, as well as the suitable mutagenic mode of EMS and NaN_3. It provides reference for garden application and mutation breeding of rhododendron. The main results are as follows: 1. The comprehensive evaluation system of rhododendron cultivars based on AHP analytic hierarchy process was established for the first time. According to the evaluation results of 14 indexes, 83 rhododendron varieties were divided into three grades: the score was 4.00, the value of garden application was the highest, there were 8 varieties, such as' fumigation of Phoenix, 'Ruohui', 'Ruohui' and so on, and the score was 4.000.3.05, which was classified as grade 鈪，

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