本文選題：養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)　切入點(diǎn)：發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國老齡人口迅速增長,人口老齡化日益嚴(yán)峻,勞動(dòng)力人口逐漸由相對(duì)豐裕轉(zhuǎn)向相對(duì)短缺,家庭養(yǎng)老功能逐漸弱化,社會(huì)養(yǎng)老負(fù)擔(dān)日益嚴(yán)重。因此,對(duì)我國養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)、影響因素、發(fā)展路徑及對(duì)策的研究,以及使養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)又快又好的發(fā)展路徑等是十分值得探討的重要課題。本文采用定性與定量、邏輯與對(duì)比、實(shí)證與規(guī)范等相結(jié)合的研究方法,首先系統(tǒng)梳理人口老齡化、馬克思再生產(chǎn)、馬斯洛需求層次、福利多元主義、代際倫理關(guān)系等相關(guān)理論,并對(duì)國內(nèi)外人口老齡化、供給主體及資金來源,以及經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)等進(jìn)行綜述；其次,對(duì)我國目前養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與存在問題進(jìn)行深入分析,基于理論和實(shí)證分析方法對(duì)我國城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行研究,并通過構(gòu)建計(jì)量模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)；最后,結(jié)合分析結(jié)論及國外發(fā)達(dá)國家發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)和啟示,給出我國養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)未來發(fā)展的路徑選擇。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀主要體現(xiàn)在“基數(shù)大和增速快的老年人口是驅(qū)動(dòng)我國養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)需求擴(kuò)張的決定因素；供給能力顯著提升,但與養(yǎng)老市場(chǎng)需求相比仍難以為繼；資源配置在不同地區(qū)和機(jī)構(gòu)配置嚴(yán)重失衡；資源投入有限,專業(yè)化醫(yī)護(hù)人員極度匱乏等是制約供給容量、質(zhì)量和效率提升的重要因素�！钡确矫�。(2)存在問題體現(xiàn)在“供需矛盾突出,資源配置不均衡；難以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楫a(chǎn)業(yè)化的有效需求；管理體制不完善,行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)未建立；人員素質(zhì)低、流動(dòng)性高”等方面。(3)經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)主要包括“居民消費(fèi)、投資擴(kuò)大、產(chǎn)業(yè)融合、促進(jìn)就業(yè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長等；其將成為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中長期穩(wěn)定的支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè),以企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益為基礎(chǔ)的社會(huì)化和產(chǎn)業(yè)化的養(yǎng)老模式,將拓展整個(gè)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長空間；城鎮(zhèn)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)明顯大于農(nóng)村�！�(4)影響因素主要表現(xiàn)在“老年人口規(guī)模、社會(huì)養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)增加值、地區(qū)居民消費(fèi)水平以及老年人口城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)等因素對(duì)我國各地區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生明顯促進(jìn)作用;而老年人口結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)出明顯阻礙作用。”文章最后基于前文研究基礎(chǔ),借鑒國外先進(jìn)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)及啟示,給出我國養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的路徑選擇：即“完善發(fā)展保障體系—構(gòu)建多元合作機(jī)制—產(chǎn)業(yè)化與市場(chǎng)化發(fā)展方式—城鎮(zhèn)優(yōu)先和城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展策略—專業(yè)化與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化發(fā)展理念”。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the aging population in China is growing rapidly, the aging population is becoming increasingly severe, the labor force population is gradually changing from relative abundance to relative shortage, the family pension function is gradually weakening, and the social endowment burden is becoming more and more serious.Therefore, the research on the status quo, economic effects, influencing factors, development paths and countermeasures of the pension service industry in China is an important topic worth discussing.This paper uses qualitative and quantitative, logical and comparative, empirical and normative research methods, first of all systematically combing population aging, Marx reproduction, Maslow hierarchy of needs, welfare pluralism, intergenerational ethical relations and other related theories.It also summarizes the aging of the population at home and abroad, the main body of supply and the source of funds, and the economic effects. Secondly, it makes a deep analysis of the current situation and problems of the development of the service industry for the aged in China.Based on the theoretical and empirical analysis methods, the economic effects of the development of urban and rural old-age service industry in China are studied, and empirical tests are carried out through the construction of econometric model. Finally, combined with the conclusions of the analysis and the development experience and enlightenment of foreign developed countries,This paper gives the path choice of the future development of the pension service industry in our country.It is found that the current situation of the development is mainly reflected in the fact that "the elderly population with a large base and fast growth rate is the decisive factor driving the expansion of the demand for the aged service industry in China, the supply capacity is improved significantly, but compared with the demand for the old-age care market, it is still difficult to sustain;"The allocation of resources in different regions and institutions is seriously out of balance; the limited investment of resources and the extreme shortage of specialized medical personnel are the important factors restricting the capacity, quality and efficiency of supply. "The existing problems are as follows: "the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent, the allocation of resources is not balanced, it is difficult to change into the effective demand for industrialization, the management system is not perfect, the industry standard is not established, the quality of personnel is low,"The economic effects mainly include "resident consumption, expansion of investment, industrial convergence, promotion of employment, economic growth, and so on; it will become a pillar industry for the long-term stability of the national economy."The socialized and industrialized pension model based on the economic interests of enterprises will expand the space for the growth of the whole national economy, the economic effect of urban old-age service industry is obviously greater than that of the rural areas.Factors such as the added value of social pension institutions, the level of local residents' consumption, and the urban-rural structure of the elderly population have obviously promoted the development of the old-age service industry in various regions of our country, while the structure of the elderly population has obviously hindered the development of the old-age service industry. "Finally, based on the previous research, the paper draws lessons from foreign advanced development experience and enlightenment.The path choice of the development of the aged service industry in China is given as follows: "perfect the development security system, construct the pluralistic cooperation mechanism, industrialize and market-oriented development mode, give priority to cities and towns, coordinate the development strategy between urban and rural areas, specialization and standardization development idea".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6

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